Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research
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<p><em>Your trusted platform for advancing innovation in healthcare research.</em></p> <p><strong>About JHRR</strong><br />The Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research (JHRR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access monthly from January 2025 onwards, journal dedicated to publishing high-quality interdisciplinary research in health, medical sciences, and rehabilitation. Our mission is to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice, foster global knowledge dissemination, and support emerging scholars in their pursuit of impactful research.</p> <p><strong>Frequency History of JHRR:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>2021-2023:</strong> Biannual</li> <li><strong>2024:</strong> Quarterly</li> <li><strong>2025:</strong> Monthly</li> </ul> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="a7ae5ece-62da-4962-bef8-43e4698f5e0e" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <h3><strong>Open Access Statement</strong></h3> <p>The <strong>Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research (JHRR)</strong> is committed to the principles of open access as defined by the <a title="Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)" href="https://doaj.org/apply/guide/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).</a></p> <p>All articles published in JHRR are freely and immediately accessible to the public without any embargo period. This ensures that:</p> <ul> <li>Anyone can <strong>read, download, copy, distribute, print, search</strong>, or link to the full text of articles.</li> <li>Articles can be <strong>crawled for indexing</strong> and used as data for software or other lawful purposes.</li> <li>No user registration is required to access content.</li> </ul> <p>All content is licensed under the <strong>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)</strong>, allowing unrestricted use with proper attribution, provided the work is not altered or used commercially.</p> <p>A printed version of the journal is available for purchase if required.</p> <p><strong>JHRR upholds open access to promote global knowledge dissemination and foster academic innovation.</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr /> <h3><strong>Why Choose JHRR?</strong></h3> <ol> <li><strong>Open Access:</strong> Articles are freely accessible under the <a title="Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License." href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.</a></li> <li><strong>Ethical Publishing:</strong> Adherence to COPE, ICMJE Recommendations, and HEC guidelines ensures transparency and integrity, <a title="Details" href="https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/Publication" target="_blank" rel="noopener">details</a></li> <li><strong>Robust Peer Review:</strong> A double-blind process guarantees impartial evaluation by domain experts.</li> <li><strong>Global Reach:</strong> Indexed in platforms like Google Scholar, CrossRef DOI, Index Copernicus, PakMediNet, and more. Unique DOIs and LOCKSS archiving enhance accessibility and preservation. <a title="Details here" href="https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/Indexing" target="_blank" rel="noopener">details here</a></li> </ol> <hr /> <h3><strong>Scope of JHRR</strong></h3> <p>We invite submissions across a wide range of disciplines, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Health and Medical Sciences:</strong> Research on diagnostics, treatments, and disease prevention.</li> <li><strong>Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy:</strong> Innovations in techniques and assistive technologies.</li> <li><strong>Mental and Behavioral Health:</strong> Studies in neurorehabilitation and psychosocial support.</li> <li><strong>Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences:</strong> Drug development, dietary interventions, and metabolic health.</li> <li><strong>Emerging Technologies in Healthcare:</strong> AI, telemedicine, and digital health innovations.</li> </ul> <p><a title="Explore our Aims and Scope" href="https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Explore our Aims and Scope</a> for more details.</p> <hr /> <h3><strong>For Authors</strong></h3> <ul> <li><strong>Publication (upon acceptance) Fee:</strong> <ul> <li><strong>National:</strong> PKR 25,000/-</li> <li><strong>International:</strong> USD equivalent</li> <li><strong>Waivers:</strong> Available for eligible authors upon request.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Submission Email:</strong> <a rel="noopener">submit@jhrlmc.com</a></li> </ul> <p>For detailed guidelines, visit our <a href="#" rel="noopener">Submission Guidelines</a>.</p> <hr /> <h3><strong>Our Policies</strong></h3> <p>JHRR ensures transparency and adherence to global standards with policies on:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Corrections and Retractions:</strong> Maintaining the integrity of the academic record.</li> <li><strong>Informed Consent:</strong> Ensuring ethical research involving human participants.</li> <li><strong>Plagiarism and Data Sharing:</strong> Upholding originality and reproducibility.</li> <li><strong>Privacy and Advertising:</strong> Safeguarding author and reader information.</li> </ul> <p><a title="Read our full Policies." href="https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/Publication" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read our full Policies.</a></p> <hr /> <h3><strong style="font-size: 0.875rem;">Editorial Team</strong></h3> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="17f7ecf9-da0d-4e61-b2ac-a06bea72304c" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <p>Our versatile editorial team includes experienced professionals and domain experts from across multiple disciplines. This diversity ensures a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to assessing submissions, maintaining the highest standards of peer review and publication ethics.<br /><a title="Editorial Team, Editorial Boards, Advisory Board" href="https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/about/editorialTeam" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Meet Our Editorial Team.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr /> <h3><strong>Publisher Information</strong></h3> <p><strong>Publisher:</strong> Link Medical Interface (LMI)<br /><strong>Address:</strong> 8 Commercial Sunny Park, PCSIR Phase II, Lahore, Pakistan<br /><strong>Website:</strong> <a href="http://www.lmi.education" target="_new" rel="noopener">www.lmi.education</a></p> <hr /> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="533d8c20-babb-4a6c-a085-a3cf5b1fd5ad" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <h3><strong>Copyright</strong></h3> <p>JHRR ensures that authors retain copyright and full publishing rights under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, granting unrestricted non-commercial access and proper attribution.</p> <h3><strong>What Falls Under Access?</strong></h3> <ul> <li>Immediate and free availability of all published content.</li> <li>Permission for users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, and link to full-text articles.</li> <li>No registration or embargo period required for access.</li> </ul> <hr /> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="533d8c20-babb-4a6c-a085-a3cf5b1fd5ad" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]"> <div class="markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light"> <h3><strong style="font-size: 0.875rem;">Join Us</strong></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Contribute to the global dialogue in healthcare and rehabilitation research. <a title="Submit your manuscript today!" href="https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/about/submissions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Submit your manuscript today!</a></p>Link Medical Interface, Lahore, Pakistanen-USJournal of Health and Rehabilitation Research2791-156X<p><strong>Public Licensing Terms</strong></p> <p>This work is licensed under the <strong>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)</strong>. Under this license:</p> <ul> <li>You are free to <strong>share</strong> (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and <strong>adapt</strong> (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose, including commercial use.</li> <li><strong>Attribution</strong> must be given to the original author(s) and source in a manner that is reasonable and does not imply endorsement.</li> <li>No additional restrictions may be applied that conflict with the terms of this license.</li> </ul> <p>For more details, visit: <a target="_new" rel="noopener">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>.</p>Adolescent Migraine in Klang Valley, Malaysia: Identifying Prevalence and Common Triggers Through a Cross-Sectional Approach
https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/1749
<p><strong>Background</strong> Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting adolescents, yet its prevalence and triggers remain underexplored in Malaysia. Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies. <strong>Objective</strong>: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adolescent migraine in Klang Valley, Malaysia, and assess common trigger factors, particularly their associations with gender and academic grade. <strong>Methods</strong>: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents aged 14–18 years (n = 393) using convenience sampling. Participants completed an online survey, including the validated Migraine Screen Questionnaire (MS-Q) for migraine prevalence and a trigger factor assessment adapted from prior studies. Data were analyzed using SPSS v27, applying descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and significance testing (p < 0.05). Ethical approval was granted by the UTAR Scientific and Ethical Review Committee (U/SERC/224/2022), ensuring compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. <strong>Results</strong>: The prevalence of suspected migraine was 6.9%, with sensitivity to light/noise (64.1%) and restricted physical/intellectual activity (78.4%) being the most reported symptoms. Significant correlations were found between migraine triggers and gender, particularly electronic device use (r = 0.284, p = 0.001), lack of sleep (r = 0.270, p = 0.002), and emotional stress (r = 0.204, p = 0.011). Academic stress was significantly associated with migraine (p = 0.009), but study hours showed no significant correlation (p = 0.412). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Academic stress, sleep disturbances, electronic device use, and dehydration were significant migraine triggers among adolescents. Findings highlight the need for school-based stress management, sleep hygiene education, and digital screen regulation to mitigate migraine risk. Future research should explore longitudinal patterns and targeted interventions for adolescent migraine prevention.</p>Kiruthika SelvakumarOng Chuu Chyi
Copyright (c) 2025 Kiruthika Selvakumar, Ong Chuu Chyi
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2025-02-282025-02-281510.61919/jhrr.v5i2.1749Prevalence of Coronaphobia Among Healthcare Workers in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar
https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/1746
<p><strong>Background</strong>: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare professionals' mental well-being, with fear and anxiety leading to a phenomenon termed "coronaphobia." Limited data exist on the prevalence of coronaphobia among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Peshawar, Pakistan, highlighting the need for this study. <strong>Objective</strong>: To determine the prevalence of coronaphobia among HCWs in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar and assess its severity across different demographic categories, including gender and age. <strong>Methods</strong>: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three public tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar (HMC, LRH, and KTH) with a sample size of 378 HCWs, including doctors and nurses. Participants diagnosed with COVID-19 or psychological disorders were excluded. Data were collected using the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-SE), a validated instrument comprising psychological, psychosomatic, economic, and social domains. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, with descriptive and inferential statistics applied. <strong>Results</strong>: Among 378 participants, 68.8% exhibited moderate coronaphobia, while 25.1% experienced severe coronaphobia. Males showed a higher prevalence than females (P = 0.326, statistically not significant). The most affected age group was 26-35 years (P = 0.482). No statistically significant associations were found between coronaphobia and demographic variables. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: A significant proportion of HCWs in Peshawar experienced moderate to severe coronaphobia, which may impact their psychological resilience and work efficiency. Mental health interventions and workplace support programs are necessary to mitigate fear and stress among frontline healthcare workers.</p>Aqib JavidSumreen BanoIsmail Khan Maimuna Khan
Copyright (c) 2025 Aqib Javid, Sumreen Bano, Ismail Khan , Maimuna Khan
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2025-02-282025-02-281510.61919/jhrr.v5i2.1746Self-Concept and Its Impact on Academic Performance Among High School Students
https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/1722
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Academic self-concept is a critical determinant of student performance, yet its influence on academic achievement remains underexplored in developing educational contexts. Prior research highlights a strong association between self-concept and academic success, but gender-based differences and predictive relationships remain inconclusive. <strong>Objective</strong>: This study aims to examine the relationship between academic self-concept and academic performance among high school students while analyzing gender-based differences in self-concept, confidence, and effort as predictors of academic achievement. <strong>Methods</strong>: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 250 public high school students (115 boys, 135 girls) aged 13–19 years in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Participants were selected through convenient non-probability sampling. Academic self-concept was assessed using the Revised Academic Self-Concept Scale, and academic performance was measured using the Academic Self-Description Questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from Fatima Jinnah Women University IRB (following the Helsinki Declaration. Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation, independent t-tests, and multiple regression, was conducted using SPSS v20. <strong>Results</strong>: Academic self-concept showed a strong positive correlation with academic performance (r = .658, p < 0.05), with academic confidence (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and effort (β = 0.28, p = 0.00) emerging as significant predictors. Boys demonstrated higher academic self-concept (M = 90.35, SD = 7.42) and confidence (M = 29.31, SD = 7.03), whereas girls exhibited greater academic effort (M = 45.89, SD = 6.42, p = 0.001). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Academic self-concept significantly predicts academic performance, emphasizing the need for interventions fostering self-confidence and effort-based learning. Addressing gender disparities in self-perception can enhance student outcomes and inform educational policy improvements.</p>Asmara RubabAneela MaqsoodSahibzada Nasir Mansoor
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmara Rubab, Aneela Maqsood, Sahibzada Nasir Mansoor
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2025-02-282025-02-281610.61919/jhrr.v5i2.1722A Qualitative Study on the Effects of Homesickness on Mental Health and Sleep Among Newly Admitted Students Residing in Hostels in Public Universities of Punjab, Pakistan
https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/1760
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Homesickness is a significant psychological challenge for newly admitted university students living in hostels, affecting their mental health and sleep patterns. Despite its prevalence, limited qualitative research has explored homesickness in the specific socio-cultural context of Punjab, Pakistan. <strong>Objective</strong>: This study aims to examine the impact of homesickness on mental health and sleep disturbances among newly admitted hostel students in public universities of Punjab, Pakistan, identifying emotional, behavioral, and academic consequences alongside coping strategies. <strong>Methods</strong>: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with n = 10 newly admitted university students meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed thematically to identify key patterns in students’ experiences. This study was conducted in accordance with ethical research principles, including obtaining informed consent from participants, ensuring confidentiality, minimizing harm, and maintaining scientific integrity, in line with the Helsinki Declaration. <strong>Results</strong>: Thematic analysis revealed that homesickness led to heightened stress, loneliness, and depressive symptoms, often manifesting as sleep disturbances, academic disengagement, and physical exhaustion. Social support deficits and unfamiliar hostel environments exacerbated distress. However, students adopting coping mechanisms such as social networking, extracurricular activities, and physical exercise reported improved emotional adaptation. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Homesickness significantly disrupts mental well-being and sleep in university students. Institutional interventions, such as structured peer support and recreational activities, could mitigate its effects, enhancing student well-being and academic success.</p>Syed Gufran Sadiq ZaidiSyeda Kisa ZahraSyed Zeeshan Raza ZaidiSyed Muhammad AunZeeshan
Copyright (c) 2025 Syed Gufran Sadiq Zaidi, Syeda Kisa Zahra, Syed Zeeshan Raza Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Aun, Zeeshan
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2025-02-282025-02-281610.61919/jhrr.v5i2.1760Age-Related Effects of Donor on Corneal Transplantation and Clinical Study of Causal Allograft Rejection in Pakistan
https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/1748
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Corneal transplantation is a widely performed surgical procedure for treating corneal blindness. Donor-related factors, particularly age, are known to influence graft survival and rejection rates. While younger donor corneas exhibit higher endothelial cell density, their potential for increased immunogenicity remains a concern. This study evaluates the impact of donor age on corneal transplantation outcomes in Pakistan. <strong>Objective</strong>: To assess the influence of donor age on graft clarity, visual acuity, and allograft rejection rates following corneal transplantation. <strong>Methods</strong>: A retrospective observational study was conducted from February 2013 to June 2016 in collaboration with the Rawalpindi Eye Donor Organization, The Shifa Eye Trust, and Saba Deseret Eye Hospital. A total of 300 patients underwent corneal transplantation, categorized by donor age: <40 years (n=105), 40–60 years (n=120), and >60 years (n=75). Surgical techniques included Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) (70%), Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) (20%), and Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) (10%). Postoperative outcomes were assessed at 12 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25, with chi-square tests for categorical variables and logistic regression for predictors of rejection. <strong>Results</strong>: At 12 months, 80% (n=240) of grafts remained clear, while 20% (n=60) developed opacity. Visual acuity improved to 20/40 or better in 85% (n=255) of patients. The overall rejection rate was 15% (n=45), highest in young donor grafts (21%), followed by middle-aged (13%) and older donor grafts (8%) (p=0.046). Patients undergoing DSEK and DMEK had significantly lower rejection rates than PK (p<0.01). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Donor age did not significantly affect graft clarity or visual acuity but influenced rejection rates, with younger donor grafts exhibiting a higher risk. Advanced surgical techniques and postoperative steroid management improved outcomes. Future research should focus on optimizing donor selection criteria and long-term graft survival strategies.</p>Muhammad JunaidAzmat KamranSuriyakala PerumalIrfan Ali
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Junaid, Azmat Kamran, Suriyakala Perumal, Irfan Ali
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2025-02-282025-02-281610.61919/jhrr.v5i2.1748Effectiveness of Prehospital Use of Advanced Airway Management in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Systematic Review
https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/1727
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of trauma-related mortality and disability, necessitating rapid and effective airway management to prevent secondary brain injury. Establishing a definitive airway before hospital admission is often performed in the prehospital setting; however, its impact on patient outcomes remains debated. <strong>Objective</strong>: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prehospital advanced airway management in TBI patients by comparing mortality and morbidity outcomes between prehospital and in-hospital intubation. <strong>Methods</strong>: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Five electronic databases were searched, and data extraction was performed using Endnote. Inclusion criteria encompassed observational studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating prehospital intubation. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias, and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate mortality and morbidity trends. <strong>Results</strong>: Despite considerable heterogeneity, no statistically significant difference in mortality was observed between prehospital and in-hospital intubation (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.89–1.27, p = 0.32). However, sensitivity analysis suggested a 12% reduction in morbidity with prehospital intubation (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.96), particularly when performed by trained professionals following standardized protocols. Studies incorporating rapid sequence intubation (RSI) and capnography monitoring reported improved neurological outcomes, with a 15–20% increase in favorable Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores compared to non-RSI approaches. Variability in intervention techniques, prolonged on-scene times, and inconsistent ventilation management contributed to conflicting findings, underscoring the necessity of cautious interpretation due to data variability. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: While prehospital intubation remains a critical intervention in TBI management, its superiority over in-hospital intubation remains uncertain. Standardized protocols, RSI implementation, provider training, and further high-quality RCTs are essential to establish its clinical efficacy and optimize patient outcomes.</p>Abdullah AlsamahriBader AlamerSaad MushawwahAlbaraa JebreelRafiulla Gilkaramenthi
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdullah Alsamahri, Bader Hussain Alamer, Saad Mushawwah, Albaraa Jebreel, Gilkaramenthi
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2025-02-282025-02-2811010.61919/jhrr.v5i2.1727Clinical Researchers vs. Research Clinicians: Impact on Healthcare Research in Pakistan
https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/1769
Bilal Umar
Copyright (c) 2025 Bilal Umar
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2025-03-012025-03-0110.61919/jhrr.v5i2.1769