Frequency of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Presenting at Cardiology Bolan Medical College Quetta

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury is a recognized complication of myocardial infarction and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and long-term renal and cardiovascular sequelae. However, local evidence from Pakistan, particularly from Balochistan, remains limited. Objective: To determine the frequency of acute kidney injury in patients presenting with myocardial infarction at a tertiary care cardiology department and to examine its distribution across major demographic and clinical variables. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cardiology Department of Bolan Medical College Hospital, Quetta, from 10 June 2023 to 31 December 2023. A total of 116 patients aged 30-75 years with myocardial infarction were included. Clinical assessment, electrocardiographic confirmation, and serum creatinine testing were performed at admission. Acute kidney injury was operationally defined in the study as serum creatinine greater than 1.1 mg/dL. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, and post-stratification chi-square testing was applied. Results: The mean age was 59.0 ± 10.03 years, and 68.1% of participants were male. Overall, acute kidney injury was present in 21 patients, giving a frequency of 18.1%. A previous history of myocardial infarction showed a significant association with AKI (38.1% vs 13.7%, p=0.0085), while age group, sex, obesity, type of myocardial infarction, and dyslipidemia were not significantly associated. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury was a frequent complication among patients with myocardial infarction in this cohort, and previous myocardial infarction emerged as the strongest marker of increased renal risk.