Correlation Between Astigmatism and Asthenopic Symptoms
Astigmatism and Asthenopic Symptoms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i3.1530Keywords:
Astigmatism, Asthenopic Symptoms, Refraction, headache, blurring of visionAbstract
Background: Astigmatism is a prevalent refractive error that significantly impacts visual comfort and daily activities. Uncorrected astigmatism can lead to asthenopic symptoms, such as blurred vision, headaches, and eye fatigue, affecting quality of life.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of astigmatism types and their correlation with asthenopic symptoms among individuals aged 12 to 35 years.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 patients (41.7% males, 58.3% females) at POB Eye Hospital, Lahore. Participants underwent cycloplegic refraction, visual acuity testing, and symptom evaluation for activities like reading, mobile phone use, and computer work. Symptoms including blurring, headaches, eye ache, and watering were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with Chi-square tests for categorical variables.
Results: Of the 96 participants, 45.8% had with-the-rule astigmatism, 27.1% had against-the-rule, and 10.4% had oblique astigmatism. 60.4% reported problems while reading, with blurring (55.17%) and headaches (27.58%) being the most common symptoms. 56.3% and 55.2% experienced issues while using mobile phones and computers, respectively. 93.75% were satisfied with their prescription.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of asthenopic symptoms among individuals with astigmatism, highlighting the need for timely corrective measures to improve visual comfort.
Downloads
References
Hashemi H, Fotouhi A, Yekta A, Pakzad R, Ostadimoghaddam H, Khabazkhoob M. Global and Regional Estimates of Prevalence of Refractive Errors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2018 Mar;30(1):3–22. doi: 10.1016/j.joco.2017.08.009.
Sheeladevi S, Seelam B, Nukella PB, Borah RR, Ali R, Keay L. Prevalence of Refractive Errors, Uncorrected Refractive Error, and Presbyopia in Adults in India: A Systematic Review. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019 May;67(5):583–92. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1235_18.
Naidoo KS, Jaggernath J. Uncorrected Refractive Errors. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012 Sep;60(5):432–7. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.100543.
Naidoo KS, Leasher J, Bourne RR, Flaxman SR, Jonas JB, Keeffe J, et al. Global Vision Impairment and Blindness Due to Uncorrected Refractive Error, 1990–2010. Optom Vis Sci. 2016 Mar;93(3):227–34. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000796.
Brumby J, et al. World Report on Vision. World Health Organization; 2019.
Zhang J, Wu Y, Sharma B, Gupta R, Jawla S, Bullimore MA. Epidemiology and Burden of Astigmatism: A Systematic Literature Review. Optom Vis Sci. 2023 Mar;100(3):218–31. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000002010.
Kaimbo DK. Astigmatism – Definition, Etiology, Classification, Diagnosis and Non-Surgical Treatment. In: Goggin M, editor. Rijeka: IntechOpen; 2012. doi: 10.5772/18132.
Read SA, Vincent SJ, Collins MJ. The Visual and Functional Impacts of Astigmatism and Its Clinical Management. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014 May;34(3):267–94. doi: 10.1111/opo.12128.
Kandel H, Khadka J, Goggin M, Pesudovs K. Patient-Reported Outcomes for Assessment of Quality of Life in Refractive Error: A Systematic Review. Optom Vis Sci. 2017 Dec;94(12):1102–19. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001130.
Turcin LA, Jompan A. Compliance of the Students to the Refractive Errors Correction with Glasses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;23(3):257–63.
Nichamin LD. Astigmatism Control. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;19(4):485–93. doi: 10.1016/j.ohc.2006.07.002.
Amaroli A, Ravera S, Baldini F, Benedicenti S, Panfoli I, Vergani L. Photobiomodulation with 808-nm Diode Laser Light Promotes Wound Healing of Human Endothelial Cells Through Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Production Stimulating Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation. Lasers Med Sci. 2019 Mar;34(3):495–504. doi: 10.1007/s10103-018-2610-0.
Schallhorn SC, Hettinger KA, Pelouskova M, Teenan D, Venter JA, Hannan SJ, et al. Effect of Residual Astigmatism on Uncorrected Visual Acuity and Patient Satisfaction in Pseudophakic Patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2021 Aug;47(8):991–8. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000580.
Black AA, Wood JM, Colorado LH, Collins MJ. The Impact of Uncorrected Astigmatism on Night Driving Performance. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2019 Sep;39(5):350–7. doi: 10.1111/opo.12634.
Supuk E, Alderson A, Davey CJ, Green C, Litvin N, Scally AJ, et al. Dizziness, but Not Falls Rate, Improves After Routine Cataract Surgery: The Role of Refractive and Spectacle Changes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2016 Mar;36(2):183–90. doi: 10.1111/opo.12280.
Wolffsohn JS, Bhogal G, Shah S. Effect of Uncorrected Astigmatism on Vision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011 Mar;37(3):454–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.09.022.
Watanabe K, Negishi K, Kawai M, Torii H, Kaido M, Tsubota K. Effect of Experimentally Induced Astigmatism on Functional, Conventional, and Low-Contrast Visual Acuity. J Refract Surg. 2013 Jan;29(1):19–24. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20121213-01.
Wood J, Tyrrell R, Chaparro A, Marszalek R, Carberry T, Chu B. Even Moderate Visual Impairments Degrade Drivers’ Ability to See Pedestrians at Night. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Mar 16;53:2586–92. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-9083.
Wiggins NP, Daum KM. Visual Discomfort and Astigmatic Refractive Errors in VDT Use. J Am Optom Assoc. 1991 Sep;62(9):680–4.
Rosenfield M, Hue JE, Huang RR, Bababekova Y. The Effects of Induced Oblique Astigmatism on Symptoms and Reading Performance While Viewing a Computer Screen. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012 Mar;32(2):142–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x.
Kuswanto V, Kurniawan F, Amita ASD. Association Between Refractive Error Types and Asthenopia in Primary School Students. Maj Kedokt Bandung. 2021;53(3):57–63.
Wajuihian SO. Frequency of Asthenopia and Its Association With Refractive Errors. African Vis Eye Heal. 2015;74(1):1–7.
Nemeth G, Szalai E, Berta A, Modis L. Astigmatism Prevalence and Biometric Analysis in Normal Population. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2013;23(6):779–83. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000250.
Pietilä J, Huhtala A, Mäkinen P, Nättinen J, Rajala T, Salmenhaara K, et al. Uncorrected Visual Acuity, Postoperative Astigmatism, and Dry Eye Symptoms Are Major Determinants of Patient Satisfaction: A Comparative Real-Life Study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:1741–55. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S168934.
Hashemi SH, Hashemi N, Esna-Ashari F, Taher A, Dehghan A. Clinical Features and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Agents of Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis in Hamedan, Iran. Oman Med J. 2017 Sep;32(5):403–10. doi: 10.5001/omj.2017.76.
Van der Zwaan KF, Mentink MD, Jacobs M, Roos RA, De Bot ST. Huntington's Disease Influences Employment Before and During Clinical Manifestation: A Systematic Review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2022 Mar;96:100–8. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.12.012.
Grosvenor T. How Much Do We Know About Astigmatism?. Clin Exp Optom. 2007 Jan;90(1):3–4. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00110.x.
Wilson WE, Ferris RH, Axtens P, Brown A, Davis E, Hampson G, et al. The Australia Telescope Compact Array Broad-Band Backend: Description and First Results. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 2011 Sep;416(2):832–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19104.x.
Kleinstein RN, Jones LA, Hullett S, Kwon S, Lee RJ, Friedman NE, et al. Refractive Error and Ethnicity in Children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 Aug;121(8):1141–7. doi: 10.1001/archopht.121.8.1141.
Mendicute J, Irigoyen C, Ruiz M, Illarramendi I, Ferrer-Blasco T, Montés-Micó R. Toric Intraocular Lens Versus Opposite Clear Corneal Incisions to Correct Astigmatism in Eyes Having Cataract Surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009 Mar;35(3):451–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.11.041.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zahid Yasin, Mariam Sana Ullah, Muhammad Khalid, Nabila Zulfiqar, Rebecca Asa Youail
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
