Impact of Deep Breathing Exercises and Isometric Handgrip Exercises to Improve Chest Expansion, Handgrip Strength, and Quality of Life in Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Dialysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.1193Keywords:
nd-stage renal disease (ESRD), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Dialysis, Strengthening exercisesAbstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its terminal stage, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), significantly impair patients' quality of life, necessitating lifelong dialysis or kidney transplantation. Physical exercises have been posited as beneficial adjunct therapies to improve physical functions and overall well-being in this patient population.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of deep breathing and isometric handgrip exercises on chest expansion, handgrip strength, and quality of life among patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis.
Methods: In a quasi-experimental study design, 22 participants undergoing dialysis at both governmental and private facilities in Faisalabad, Pakistan, were recruited through purposive sampling. Participants engaged in an 8-week program of deep breathing and isometric handgrip exercises. Assessments of chest expansion, handgrip strength, and quality of life were conducted using measuring tapes, hand-held dynamometers, and the WHOQOL questionnaire, respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 25, employing paired sample t-tests to compare pre- and post-intervention measurements.
Results: Significant improvements were noted post-intervention, with chest expansion increasing from a mean of 1.36 ± 0.49 cm to 1.58 ± 0.10 cm (t=12.990, p<0.001), right-hand grip strength from 1.00 ± 0.53 kg to 1.24 ± 0.11 kg (t=8.775, p<0.001), and left-hand grip strength from 0.82 ± 0.50 kg to 1.04 ± 0.11 kg (t=7.659, p<0.001). Quality of life metrics also showed significant improvements across various dimensions, including overall quality of life, health satisfaction, and physical mobility.
Conclusion: The study concluded that deep breathing and isometric handgrip exercises significantly enhance chest expansion, handgrip strength, and the quality of life in dialysis patients, suggesting that incorporating such exercises into routine care could be beneficial.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, dialysis, deep breathing exercises, isometric handgrip exercises, quality of life, physical therapy.
Downloads
References
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. kidney. In: Encyclopedia Britannica. 2024.
Angela Betsaida B. Laguipo BSN. Anatomy of the kidney [Internet]. News-Medical. 2018 [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Anatomy-of-the-Kidney.aspx
Newman T. Kidneys: Location, function, anatomy, pictures, and related diseases [Internet]. Medicalnewstoday.com. 2019 [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305488
Thomas L. Where are the Kidneys and Liver Located? [Internet]. News-Medical. 2016 [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Where-are-the-Kidneys-and-Liver-Located.aspx
Anatomical features of the kidney [Internet]. Vinmec.com. [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.vinmec.com/en/news/health-news/general-health-check/anatomical-features-of-the-kidney/
Ogobuiro I, Tuma F. Physiology, Renal. StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Kidney physiology [Internet]. Uclahealth.org. [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.uclahealth.org/programs/core-kidney/conditions-treated/kidneys/kidney-physiology
Kidney [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic. [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21824-kidney
Types of kidney failure [Internet]. Stanfordhealthcare.org. 2017 [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/liver-kidneys-and-urinary-system/kidney-failure/types.html
Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jun 14];12(1):7–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.003
Kidney disease [Internet]. WebMD. [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information
Deme S, Fisseha B, Kahsay G, Melese H, Alamer A, Ayhualem S. Musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among patients with chronic kidney disease attending at Saint Paul hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Jun 14];14:291–300. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijnrd.s319991
Acute kidney failure [Internet]. Mayoclinic.org. 2022 [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-failure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369053
Kidney failure (ESRD) - Symptoms, stages, & treatment [Internet]. National Kidney Foundation. [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidney-failure
Barcellos FC, Santos IS, Umpierre D, Bohlke M, Hallal PC. Effects of exercise in the whole spectrum of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Clin Kidney J [Internet]. 2015;8(6):753–65. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfv099
Kong S, Lee KS, Kim J, Jang SH. The effect of two different hand exercises on grip strength, forearm circumference, and vascular maturation in patients who underwent arteriovenous fistula surgery. Ann Rehabil Med [Internet]. 2014;38(5):648–57. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2014.38.5.648
Neto JRS, Figueiredo E Castro LM, Santos de Oliveira F, Silva AM, Maria Dos Reis L, Quirino APA, et al. Comparison between two physiotherapy protocols for patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. J Phys Ther Sci [Internet]. 2016;28(5):1644–50. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.1644
de Medeiros AIC, Fuzari HKB, Rattesa C, Brandão DC, de Melo Marinho PÉ. Inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. J Physiother [Internet]. 2017;63(2):76–83. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2017.02.016
Frih B, Jaafar H, Mkacher W, Ben Salah Z, Hammami M, Frih A. The effect of interdialytic combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on health related outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients: The Tunisian randomized controlled study. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2017;8:288. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00288
Shirai N, Yamamoto S, Osawa Y, Tsubaki A, Morishita S, Igarashi K, et al. Comparison of muscle strength between hemodialysis patients and non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. J Phys Ther Sci [Internet]. 2021;33(10):742–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.33.742
Mohan V, Dzulkifli NH, Justine M, Haron R, Joseph H L, Rathinam C. Intrarater reliability of chest expansion using cloth tape measure technique. Banglad J Med Sci [Internet]. 2012;11(4):307–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12602
Olvera-Soto MG, Valdez-Ortiz R, López Alvarenga JC, Espinosa-Cuevas M de LÁ. Effect of resistance exercises on the indicators of muscle reserves and handgrip strength in adult patients on hemodialysis. J Ren Nutr [Internet]. 2016;26(1):53–60. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2015.06.006
Kharbteng L, Monaliza, Kumar V, Kaur S, Ghai S. Effectiveness of a breathing training program on quality of life in patients with predialysis chronic Kidney Disease: A randomized controlled trial. Indian J Palliat Care [Internet]. 2020;26(3):271–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_118_19
Chen X-P, Lu Y-M, Zhang J. Intervention study of finger-movement exercises and finger weight-lift training for improvement of handgrip strength among the very elderly. Int J Nurs Sci [Internet]. 2014;1(2):165–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2014.05.001
Gunjal SB. Effectiveness of deep breathing versus segmental breathing exercises on chest expansion in pleural effusion. Int J Health Sci Res. 2015;5(7):234–40.
Bhatnagar A, Sharma S. Effectiveness of chest PNF and breathing exercises on pulmonary function and chest expansion in male Smokers. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther [Internet]. 2021;16(1):159–68. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v16i1.17790
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Javeria Sehar, Amna khalid, Rabia Shahid, Kabsha Nasir, Asif Saleem
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Public Licensing Terms
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Under this license:
- You are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose, including commercial use.
- Attribution must be given to the original author(s) and source in a manner that is reasonable and does not imply endorsement.
- No additional restrictions may be applied that conflict with the terms of this license.
For more details, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
