Effects of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients After Myocardial Infarction

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Published: Aug 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i3.1233
Keywords:
Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation, Myocardial Infarction, Quality of Life, Heart Rate, CDC HRQOL-14

Main Article Content

Abdul Rehman Mughal
Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Uzair Mughal
Islam Central Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan
Fizza Uzair Mughal
Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, Pakistan
Iqra Riaz Mughal
Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan
Rida Fatima Mughal
Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan
Muhammad Naeem Mughal
Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of mortality and physical disability worldwide, particularly among the elderly. Despite advancements in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and pharmacotherapy, many MI patients continue to experience health deterioration. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has shown potential in improving myocardial perfusion, endothelial function, and reducing thrombotic activity, thereby enhancing patient outcomes.


Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of a supervised exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life, heart rate, and blood pressure in patients’ post-myocardial infarction.


Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 36 participants aged 40 to 60 who experienced an MI within the previous three weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to Group A (exercise program) or Group B (educational interventions). Group A engaged in a 6-week supervised exercise program, including warm-up exercises, aerobic activities, and cool-down sessions. Quality of life was assessed using the CDC HRQOL-14 questionnaire, while heart rate and blood pressure were measured pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25, employing independent and paired sample t-tests.


Results: Group A showed significant improvements in HRQOL scores: Module 1 (p=0.04), Module 2 (p=0.04), and Module 3 (p=0.02). Heart rate improved by 12 bpm (p=0.03), and systolic blood pressure reduced by 8.81 mmHg (p=0.01) in Group A compared to Group B.


Conclusion: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation significantly improves quality of life, heart rate, and blood pressure in post-MI patients.

Article Details

How to Cite
Mughal, A. R., Mughal, M. U., Mughal, F. U., Mughal, I. R., Mughal, R. F., & Mughal, M. N. (2024). Effects of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients After Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research, 4(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i3.1233
Issue
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Volume 4, Issue 3 - July to September 2024
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Uzair Mughal, Islam Central Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan

Second Author Role for Dr. M. Uzair

Dr. M. Uzair, currently a PG 2 in General Surgery at Islam Central Hospital, Sialkot, played a crucial role in our research titled "Effects of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients After Myocardial Infarction," which is being submitted to the Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research (JHRR). His dedication and expertise significantly contributed to the success of this study.

Role and Contributions:

  1. Research Design and Planning: Dr. Uzair was instrumental in shaping the research design. He helped identify key research questions and developed a robust methodology to ensure the study's objectives were met.

  2. Literature Review: He conducted a thorough review of existing literature on exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, which was foundational in framing our study within the context of current knowledge and identifying areas needing further investigation.

  3. Data Collection and Management: Dr. Uzair actively participated in data collection, working closely with patients to monitor their progress and document outcomes. His attention to detail ensured the accuracy and reliability of our data.

  4. Article Writing and Revision: Dr. Uzair contributed significantly to writing the manuscript. He drafted several key sections, including the introduction, methodology, and results. His keen eye for detail was invaluable during the editing process, helping to refine the manuscript and improve its clarity and coherence.

  5. Clinical Insights: As a PG 2 in General Surgery, Dr. Uzair brought essential clinical perspectives to the study. His understanding of patient care and surgical procedures enriched our interpretation of the data and strengthened the practical applications of our findings.

  6. Collaboration and Teamwork: Throughout the research process, Dr. Uzair demonstrated exceptional teamwork. He coordinated with other team members, facilitated discussions, and ensured smooth communication, making the collaborative effort successful.

Acknowledgment:

We would like to acknowledge Dr. M. Uzair’s significant contributions to this research. His hard work, clinical insights, and commitment to advancing the field of cardiac rehabilitation were instrumental in bringing this study to completion.

By highlighting Dr. M. Uzair's integral role, we aim to underscore the importance of his contributions to our research on the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients recovering from myocardial infarction. His dedication has been a driving force behind this study's success.

Fizza Uzair Mughal, Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, Pakistan

Third Author Role for Dr. Fizza Uzair

Dr. Fizza Uzair, serving as a Demonstrator in the Anatomy Department at Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, has been a vital contributor to our research titled "Effects of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients After Myocardial Infarction," which we are submitting to the Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research (JHRR). Her thorough review and valuable insights have greatly enhanced the quality of our study.

Role and Contributions:

  1. Literature Review: Dr. Fizza Uzair conducted an exhaustive review of the existing literature on exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. Her work helped us identify key studies and ensured that our research was built on a solid foundation of current knowledge.

  2. Critical Analysis: She provided a critical analysis of the manuscript, offering insightful feedback that was crucial in refining our research questions, methodology, and overall approach. Her attention to detail ensured that our study was both comprehensive and rigorous.

  3. Manuscript Review: Dr. Uzair meticulously reviewed multiple drafts of the manuscript. Her expertise in anatomy allowed her to provide nuanced feedback on various sections, particularly those related to the physiological impacts of exercise-based rehabilitation.

  4. Methodological Advice: Her background in anatomy provided a unique perspective, helping to ensure that our methodology was anatomically sound and aligned with the latest scientific standards. Her suggestions were pivotal in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of our findings.

  5. Editorial Contributions: Dr. Uzair contributed significantly to the editing process, helping to clarify complex concepts and improve the overall readability of the manuscript. Her editorial skills ensured that the final draft was clear, concise, and well-structured.

  6. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Throughout the research process, Dr. Uzair demonstrated exceptional collaboration skills. She effectively communicated with the research team, facilitating discussions that integrated anatomical insights into our broader clinical study.

Acknowledgment:

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Dr. Fizza Uzair for her invaluable contributions to this research. Her dedication, thorough review, and insightful feedback have been instrumental in bringing this study to fruition.

By highlighting Dr. Fizza Uzair's role, we acknowledge the significant impact of her work on our research into the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients recovering from myocardial infarction. Her commitment and expertise have greatly enriched the study, ensuring its relevance and rigor.

Iqra Riaz Mughal, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan

Fourth Author Role for Dr. Iqra Riaz

Dr. Iqra Riaz, currently a PG 4 in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, has made significant contributions to our research titled "Effects of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients After Myocardial Infarction." Her thorough review and constructive feedback have played a crucial role in shaping this manuscript, which we are submitting to the Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research (JHRR).

Role and Contributions:

  1. Comprehensive Review: Dr. Iqra Riaz conducted a detailed review of the manuscript, offering critical insights that were essential in refining the study's design and ensuring its scientific rigor.

  2. Interdisciplinary Perspective: As a specialist in gynecology and obstetrics, Dr. Riaz provided a unique perspective that enriched our research. Her interdisciplinary approach helped us consider broader implications and potential overlaps in patient care.

  3. Feedback on Methodology: Her expertise in clinical research enabled her to provide valuable feedback on our methodology. She reviewed the study protocols and suggested improvements to enhance the reliability and validity of our findings.

  4. Manuscript Editing: Dr. Riaz contributed significantly to the editing process. Her attention to detail and commitment to clarity ensured that our manuscript was well-organized, coherent, and free of ambiguities.

  5. Data Interpretation: She played a key role in interpreting the data, particularly in understanding the broader clinical implications of our findings. Her insights helped us to articulate the significance of our study in the context of patient care and rehabilitation.

  6. Collaborative Effort: Throughout the research process, Dr. Riaz demonstrated exceptional teamwork and collaboration. She effectively communicated with other team members, facilitating discussions that integrated diverse clinical perspectives into our study.

Acknowledgment:

We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to Dr. Iqra Riaz for her dedicated participation in this research. Her rigorous review, insightful feedback, and collaborative spirit have been instrumental in the development and refinement of our study.

By highlighting Dr. Iqra Riaz's role, we acknowledge her vital contributions to our research on the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients after myocardial infarction. Her commitment to excellence and her multidisciplinary insights have greatly enhanced the quality and relevance of our work.

Rida Fatima Mughal, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan

Fifth Author Role for Dr. Rida Fatima

Dr. Rida Fatima, currently working as a House Officer at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, played an essential role in the preparation of our research article titled "Effects of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients After Myocardial Infarction." Her meticulous formatting work and attention to detail have been crucial in readying the manuscript for submission to the Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research (JHRR).

Role and Contributions:

  1. Manuscript Formatting: Dr. Rida Fatima took on the critical task of formatting the manuscript according to the guidelines provided by the Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. Her work ensured that our submission met all the necessary requirements, facilitating a smooth review process.

  2. Consistency and Accuracy: She meticulously reviewed the manuscript for consistency in formatting, including headings, subheadings, references, and figure legends. Her diligence helped maintain the professional appearance and readability of the document.

  3. Reference Management: Dr. Fatima ensured that all references were correctly formatted and cross-checked for accuracy. She managed the citation list, verifying that all sources were appropriately cited within the text and in the bibliography.

  4. Document Organization: Her keen organizational skills helped streamline the layout of the manuscript. She ensured that all sections followed a logical sequence and that tables, figures, and supplementary materials were properly placed and formatted.

  5. Attention to Detail: Dr. Fatima's attention to detail was evident in her thorough proofreading of the manuscript. She corrected typographical errors, improved sentence structures, and ensured that the text was clear and concise.

  6. Team Collaboration: Throughout the process, Dr. Fatima worked closely with the research team, facilitating effective communication and collaboration. She coordinated with authors to incorporate their feedback and made necessary adjustments to the manuscript.

Acknowledgment:

We extend our sincere gratitude to Dr. Rida Fatima for her dedicated work on formatting and organizing the manuscript. Her contributions have been vital in preparing our research for publication and ensuring that it meets the high standards required by the journal.

By highlighting Dr. Rida Fatima's role, we acknowledge her significant impact on the presentation and overall quality of our research on the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients after myocardial infarction. Her commitment and meticulous work have been instrumental in readying our study for submission.

Muhammad Naeem Mughal, Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, Pakistan

Sixth Author Role for Maj. Dr. M. Naeem

Maj. Dr. M. Naeem, an Associate Professor at Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, has played an invaluable role in our research titled "Effects of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients After Myocardial Infarction." His expertise in data analysis and formatting has been instrumental in preparing our manuscript for submission to the Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research (JHRR).

Role and Contributions:

  1. Data Analysis: Maj. Dr. M. Naeem was deeply involved in the data analysis phase of our research. His analytical skills ensured that the data was interpreted accurately and meaningfully, providing robust insights into the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. He used statistical tools to analyze the data, highlighting significant trends and correlations.

  2. Interpretation of Results: Dr. Naeem played a crucial role in interpreting the results of our study. His ability to draw meaningful conclusions from the data helped us understand the impact of different exercise modalities on patient recovery post-myocardial infarction.

  3. Formatting: Dr. Naeem took on the essential task of formatting the manuscript according to the guidelines provided by the Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. His meticulous attention to detail ensured that the document was professionally presented, with all sections properly organized and formatted.

  4. Consistency and Accuracy: He ensured that the formatting was consistent throughout the manuscript, including headings, subheadings, tables, figures, and references. His work was vital in maintaining the document's accuracy and clarity.

  5. Reference Management: Dr. Naeem meticulously managed the references, ensuring that all citations were correctly formatted and accurately cited within the text. His efforts in organizing the bibliography contributed significantly to the manuscript's professionalism.

  6. Collaborative Effort: Throughout the research process, Dr. Naeem demonstrated exceptional teamwork and collaboration. He effectively communicated with other team members, integrating his data analysis and formatting work seamlessly into the overall research project.

Acknowledgment:

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Maj. Dr. M. Naeem for his dedicated efforts in data analysis and formatting. His contributions have been crucial in ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and professional presentation of our research findings.

By highlighting Maj. Dr. M. Naeem's role, we acknowledge his significant impact on our research on the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients after myocardial infarction. His commitment to rigorous data analysis and meticulous formatting has been essential in preparing our study for publication.

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