Factors Associated with Insulin Self-Administration Knowledge and Practices Among Hospitalized Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Peshawar, Pakistan Factors Affecting Insulin Self-Administration in DM Patients
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has emerged as one of the fastest-growing chronic conditions worldwide. Effective DM management often requires insulin self-administration (ISA) to maintain glycemic control and reduce complications.
Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge and practices of ISA among hospitalized DM patients and identify factors influencing ISA knowledge and practices.
Methods: An observational, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 116 insulin-dependent DM patients at a public hospital. Knowledge related to ISA was assessed using a validated multiple-response questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews, while practices were observed using a structured observational checklist. ISA knowledge was categorized as poor (0-7), average (8-11), and good (12-15). Practices were categorized as poor (0-7), fair (8-10), and good (11-14). Chi-square tests were used to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with ISA knowledge and practices.
Results: Participants aged above 50 (69.8%), equally represented by men and women (53.4% and 46.6%, respectively). ISA knowledge assessment revealed that 34.5% participants had poor knowledge, 50% average, and 15.5% good knowledge. Poor practices were observed in 37.1%, fair in 29.3%, and good in 33.6%. Age, education, family history, duration of DM, and prior training were significantly associated with ISA (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Overall knowledge of the participants was average, while their practices were predominantly poor. Main factors influencing ISA encompassed age, education, family history, duration of DM, and prior training. Targeted educational programs focusing on identified factors are needed to improve ISA knowledge and practices among DM patients in Pakistan.
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