Challenges Faced by Parents of Pediatric Burn Survivors: A Thematic Analysis
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Burn injuries compromise the integrity of skin, its appendages, and underlying tissues due to exposure to various agents including dry and moist heat, corrosive substances, and high voltage electric currents. Particularly in the pediatric population, these injuries not only affect the children but also significantly impact the lives and health of their parents.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the multifaceted challenges faced by parents of pediatric burn survivors at the Burn and Plastic Surgery Center in Hayatabad KPK Peshawar.
Methods: Employing a qualitative case study design, this research involved 10 participants selected via purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. All interviews were audio-recorded, with non-verbal cues and expressions meticulously documented. Thematic analysis was utilized to derive codes, categories, and subsequently, themes from the data.
Results: Analysis revealed five major themes reflecting the challenges encountered by parents: socio-economic difficulties, psychological distress, physiological and physical health issues, spiritual anxiety with altered religious activities, and domestic violence and abuse. Specifically, 70% of participants experienced significant disruptions in their daily lives and interactions, while 100% reported financial hardships directly affecting their ability to manage the health care needs of their children.
Conclusion: The study underscores the extensive challenges that parents of pediatric burn survivors face, highlighting the necessity for healthcare professionals to adopt a holistic approach in treating burnt children while concurrently addressing parental difficulties. Effective identification and management of these challenges are crucial to improving health outcomes for both the children and their parents.
Article Details
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ashouri S. An Introduction to Burns. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2022 Nov 1; 33(4):871-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.07.001
Udy AA, Roberts JA, Lipman J, Blot S. The effects of major burn related pathophysiological changes on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug use: An appraisal utilizing antibiotics. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2018 Jan 1; 123: 65- 74. DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.019
Banerjee S, Shumba C. A systematic review of epidemiological patterns and proposed interventions to address pediatric burns in Nigeria. African health sciences. 2020; 20(2):991-9. DOI: 10.4314/ahs. v20i2.56
Tran HS, Le TH, Nguyen TT. The degree of skin burns images recognition using convolutional neural network. Indian J Sci Technol. 2016; 9(45):1-6. DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i45/106772
Abraham J, Plourde B, Vallez L, Nelson-Cheeseman B, Stark J, Sparrow E, et al. Skin Burns. Theory and Applications of Heat Transfer in Humans. John Wiley & Sons. 2018; 1:729-38. DOI: 10.1002/9781119127420.ch33
Jeschke MG, van Baar ME, Choudhry MA, Chung KK, Gibran NS, Logsetty S. Burn injury. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2020; 6(1):1-25. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020- 0145-5
Chong HP, Quinn L, Cooksey R, Molony D, Jeeves A, Lodge M, et al. Mortality in paediatric burns at the Women‟s and Children‟s Hospital (WCH), Adelaide, South Australia: 1960–2017. Burns. 2020; 46(1):207-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.06.004
Khandarmaa T-O, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Sakamoto J. Risk factors of burns among children in Mongolia. Burns. 2012; 38(5):751-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.11.006 52
Patel DD, Rosenberg L, Rosenberg M, Leal J, Andersen CR, Foncerrada G, et al. The epidemiology of burns in young children from Mexico treated at a US hospital. Burns. 2016; 42(8):1825-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.008
Bailey M, Sagiraju H, Mashreky S, Alamgir H. Epidemiology and outcomes of burn injuries at a tertiary burn care center in Bangladesh. Burns. 2019; 45(4):957-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.12.011
Iqbal T, Saaiq M. The burnt child: an epidemiological profile and outcome. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2011; 21(11):691-4. DOI: 11.2011/JCPSP.691694
Ohgi S, Gu S. Pediatric burn rehabilitation: Philosophy and strategies. Burns & trauma. 2013; 1(2):2321-3868. DOI: 10.4103/2321-3868.118930
Williams FN, Lee JO. Pediatric burn infection. Surgical Infections. 2021; 22(1):54-7. DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.218
Shahid F, Ismail M, Khan S. Assessment of quality of life in post burn survivors: a crosssectional single-center first validation study from Pakistan. Burns open. 2018; 2(1):35-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.burnso.2017.08.003
Krishnamoorthy V, Ramaiah R, Bhananker SM. Pediatric burn injuries. International journal of critical illness and injury science. 2012; 2(3):128. DOI: 10.4103/2229- 5151.100889
Griffiths C. How are parents affected when their child has an appearance-altering injury? Journal of Aesthetic Nursing. 2016; 5(2):79-81. DOI: 10.12968/joan.2016.5.2.79
Heath J, Williamson H, Williams L, Harcourt D. Parent-perceived isolation and barriers to psychosocial support: A qualitative study to investigate how peers support might help parents of burn-injured children. Scars, Burns & Healing. 2018; 4: 1-12. DOI: 10.1177/2059513118763801 53
Lernevall LST, Moi AL, Gjengedal E, Dreyer P. Parents‟ lived experiences of parental needs for support at a burn centre. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being. 2021; 16(1):1855749. DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1855749
Egberts MR, van de Schoot R, Geenen R, Van Loey NE. Mother, father and child traumatic stress reactions after paediatric burn: Within-family co-occurrence and parentchild discrepancies in appraisals of child stress. Burns. 2018; 44(4):861-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.01.003
Tully CB, Amatya K, Batra N, Inverso H, Burd RS. Parent resilience after young child minor burn injury. Families, Systems, & Health. 2022; 40(3):322-331. DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000703
Kilburn N, Dheansa B. Socioeconomic impact of children's burns-A pilot study. Burns. 2014; 40(8):1615-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.03.006
Townsend AN, Batra N, Lilenfeld L, Maurin E, Inverso H, Burd RS, et al. Parent traumatic stress after minor pediatric burn injury. Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2022. DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac055
Lawal H, Anyebe E, Obiako O, Garba S. Socio-economic challenges of parents of children with neurological disorders: A hospital-based study in North West Nigeria. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2014; 6(4):58-66. DOI: 10.5897/IJNM2014.0122
Mashreky SR, Rahman A, Chowdhury S, Giashuddin S, Svanström L, Khan T, et al. Burn injury: economic and social impact on a family. Public Health. 2008;122(12):1418-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.06.007
Hawkins L, Centifanti LC, Holman N, Taylor P. Parental adjustment following pediatric burn injury: The role of guilt, shame, and self-compassion. Journal of pediatric psychology. 2019; 44(2):229-37. DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy079
Kassam-Adams N, Marsac ML, Hildenbrand A, Winston F. Posttraumatic stress following pediatric injury: update on diagnosis, risk factors, and intervention. JAMA pediatrics. 2013; 167(12):1158-65. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2741
Kalra S, Jena BN, Yeravdekar R. Emotional and psychological needs of people with diabetes. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2018; 22(5):696-704. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_579_17
Byrd JB, Brook RD. Anxiety in the “age of hypertension”. Current hypertension reports. 2014; 16(10):1-7. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0486-0
De Young AC, Hendrikz J, Kenardy JA, Cobham VE, Kimble RM. Prospective evaluation of parent distress following pediatric burns and identification of risk factors for young child and parent posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(1):9-17. DOI: 10.1089/cap.2013.0066
Cooklin A, Giallo R, Rose N. Parental fatigue and parenting practices during early childhood: An Australian community survey. Child: care, health and development. 2012; 38(5):654-64. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01333.x
Hassan M, Asaad T. Tension-type headache, its relation to stress, and how to relieve it by cryotherapy among academic students. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 2020; 27(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00030-3
Rengarajan S, Knoop KA, Rengarajan A, Chai JN, Grajales-Reyes JG, Samineni VK, et al. A potential role for stress-induced microbial alterations in IgA-associated irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Cell Reports Medicine. 2020; 1(7):1-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100124
Nemati S, Rassouli M, Baghestani AR. The spiritual challenges faced by family caregivers of patients with cancer: A qualitative study. Holistic nursing practice. 2017; 31(2):110-17. DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000198