Speech Delay and its Association with non-Nutritive Nursing in Pre-schoolers
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background:
Speech delay in preschoolers is a significant concern for parents and healthcare professionals alike, with various factors, including non-nutritive sucking habits like pacifier use and digit-sucking, being investigated for their potential impact on speech development.
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the association between non-nutritive sucking behaviors (pacifier use and digit-sucking) and speech delay in preschool-aged children.
Methods:
A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 126 preschoolers divided into two groups: those with speech delay and a control group with typical speech development. Data were collected from the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, breastfeeding history, non-nutritive sucking behaviors, and speech delay status. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, focusing on frequencies, percentages, and P-values to determine the significance of associations between non-nutritive sucking behaviors and speech delay.
Results:
Of the 126 participants, 67% were male, and 93% hailed from Punjab. A majority (87%) were breastfed, with 27% reporting pacifier use and only 6% engaging in digit-sucking. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between speech delay and pacifier use (P=0.123), digit-sucking (P=0.359), or breastfeeding status (P=0.395). The mean daily screen media usage was 3.121 hours for the speech delay group and 2.968 hours for the control group, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.593).
Conclusion:
The study concluded that non-nutritive sucking behaviours, including pacifier use and digit-sucking, are not significantly associated with speech delay in preschoolers. This finding contributes to the understanding of speech development and the factors influencing it, suggesting that concerns regarding non-nutritive sucking habits may be less critical than previously assumed in the context of speech delay.
Keywords:
Speech delay, Non-nutritive sucking, Pacifier use, Digit-sucking, Preschoolers, Speech development.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Vijay A, Balasubramanium RK, Krishnamurthy R, Chilwan U, Kamath N, Bhat K. Profiling non-nutritive sucking skills in full-term and preterm neonates. The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology. 2023;39(1):187.
Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Chelmow D, Coker TR, Davis EM, et al. Screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(4):329-34.
Zimmerman E, Aguiar A, Aung MT, Geiger SD, Hines M, Woodbury ML, et al. Examining the association between prenatal maternal stress and infant non-nutritive suck. Pediatric research. 2023;93(5):1285-93.
Weng Y, Zhang J, Chen Z. Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on pain in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC pediatrics. 2024;24(1):9.
van Haaften L, Lagarde M, van Gerven M, de Groot S, Harding C, van den Engel-Hoek L, et al. The Non-speech Oral Movement Assessment Children (NOMAC). Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica: Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP). 2024.
Santopietro G, Fancello V, Fancello G, Bianchini C, Pelucchi S, Ciorba A. Cochlear Implantation in Children Affected by Single-Sided Deafness: A Comprehensive Review. Audiology Research. 2024;14(1):77-85.
Rogers PJ. Non-nutritive sweeteners and body weight management: another brick in the wall of evidence. International Journal of Obesity. 2024;48(1):1-2.
Regnier A, Mélotte E, Aubinet C, Alnagger N, Fischer D, Lagier A, et al. Swallowing dysfunctions in patients with disorders of consciousness: Evidence from neuroimaging data, assessment, and management. NeuroRehabilitation. 2024;54(1):91-107.
Martens A, Hines M, Zimmerman E. Changes in non-nutritive suck between 3 and 12 months. Early human development. 2020;149:105141.
Pelkonen A-M, Närhi L, Häkli S, Raatikainen A-M, Pirttiniemi P, Silvola A-S. Effectiveness of oral motor appliances on oral motor function and speech in children: a systematic review. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2024;82(1):9-17.
Morgan AT, Amor DJ, St John MD, Scheffer IE, Hildebrand MS. Genetic architecture of childhood speech disorder: a review. Molecular Psychiatry. 2024:1-12.
Martens A, Phillips H, Hines M, Zimmerman E. An examination of the association between infant non-nutritive suck and developmental outcomes at 12 months. PloS one. 2024;19(2):e0298016.
Neiva F, Cattoni DM, Ramos J, Issler H. Early weaning: implications to oral motor development. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2003;79(1):7-12.
Hatami G, Heidaritash H, Motamed N. The Frequency of speech disorders and Its relationship with nutritive and non-nutritive sucking behaviors in 3-5 years old children in Bushehr city, Iran. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2018;19(3):238-49.
Barbosa C, Vasquez S, Parada MA, Gonzalez JCV, Jackson C, Yanez ND, et al. The relationship of bottle feeding and other sucking behaviors with speech disorder in Patagonian preschoolers. BMC pediatrics. 2009;9:1-8.
Fox AV, Dodd B, Howard D. Risk factors for speech disorders in children. International journal of Language & Communication disorders. 2002;37(2):117-31.
Heller Murray E, Lewis J, Zimmerman E. Non-nutritive suck and voice onset time: Examining infant oromotor coordination. PloS one. 2021;16(4):e0250529.
Feltner C, Wallace IF, Nowell SW, Orr CJ, Raffa B, Middleton JC, et al. Screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children 5 years or younger: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(4):335-51.
Dodd B, Holm A, Crosbie S. Clinical phonology and phonological assessment. The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics, Second Edition. 2024:453-67.
Burr S, Harding S, Wren Y, Deave T. The Relationship between feeding and non-nutritive sucking behaviours and speech sound development: a systematic review. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica. 2021;73(2):75-88.
Temirpulotovich TB. Ways to Develop Speech and Overcome Them in Children With Cerebral Palsy. European journal of modern medicine and practice. 2024;4(2):355-8.