Frequency of Hyponatremia in Adult Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Hyponatremia in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
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Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a prevalent disease in developing countries, often accompanied by electrolyte disturbances, including hyponatremia, which can exacerbate the clinical course and increase mortality risk.
Objective: To determine the frequency of hyponatremia in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its association with demographic and clinical variables.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from August 2020 to February 2021, enrolling 150 adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Serum sodium levels were measured using standard biochemical analysis, and hyponatremia was defined as sodium levels <135 mmol/L. Stratification based on age, gender, BMI, duration of disease, and socioeconomic status was performed. Chi-square tests were applied, and p-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: Among the 150 patients, 64 (42.7%) had hyponatremia. Prevalence was higher in patients aged >50 years (45.8%), middle-income groups (57.1%), and those with disease duration ≥1 month (47.0%). Gender, BMI, and disease duration were not significantly associated with hyponatremia (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Hyponatremia is common in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, especially in older age and middle-income groups, highlighting the need for routine sodium monitoring.
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