Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Industrial Activities: Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity and the Potential Role of Phytochelatin and Antioxidative Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention
Heavy Metals and Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i3.1636Keywords:
heavy metal toxicity, carcinogenesis, phytochelatins, oxidative stress, cancer prevention, antioxidative phytochemicals, industrial pollution, public health.Abstract
Background: Heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, and chromium, are widely used in industrial activities and are known for their carcinogenic potential due to their ability to induce oxidative stress and disrupt DNA repair mechanisms.
Objective: This review aims to explore the carcinogenic mechanisms of heavy metals and evaluate the role of phytochelatins and antioxidative phytochemicals in mitigating heavy metal-induced cancer risk.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases to identify relevant studies published up to January 2024. Articles focusing on the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal-induced carcinogenicity, phytochelatins, and antioxidant roles were included. The quality of selected studies was appraised using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Findings were synthesized thematically, covering oxidative stress, DNA damage, and gene expression modulation.
Results: The review found that arsenic increased bladder cancer risk by 50% (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), cadmium exposure elevated kidney cancer risk by 60% (OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-2.1), and phytochelatin supplementation reduced oxidative markers by 45%.
Conclusion: Phytochelatins and antioxidative phytochemicals could serve as potential preventive agents against heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis, warranting further research.
Downloads
References
Zeeshan A, Abbas M, Qasim S, Nawaz L, Najam M, Waqas M, Zubair M, et al. Addressing Nutrient Deficiencies Through Zinc Biofortification. Emerging Trends in Sustainable Agriculture. 2024; 95-146.
Aslam S, Mansoor M, Bano S, Zeeshan A, Ilyas A, Eman A, et al. Ethnoveterinary Study of Medicinal Plants of District Okara, Pakistan. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2024; 4(2):963-970.
Zeeshan A, Waqas M, Ramzan M, Ghafoor F, Usama I, Ibrahim M, et al. Narrative Review From Fields to Families: Understanding the Health Impacts of Excessive Soil Fertilization. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2024; 4(2):990-995.
Zaib M, Zeeshan A, Akram H, Nazim F, Nawaz S, Abdullah Z, et al. Navigating Food Security Challenges in Emerging Populations. Emerging Trends in Sustainable Agriculture. 2024; 69-94.
Zaib M, Hassan MH, Hassan M, Zeeshan A. Soil Microbes and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Contemporary Issues in Social Science. 2024; 3(1):939-951.
Zeeshan A, Amjad W, Masood M, Akram W, Yameen I, Mansoor M, et al. Neem's Bioactive Marvels: A Therapeutic Review. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2024; 4(1):185-195.
Zeeshan A, Akram H, Nazar A, Shoukat A, Pearl C, Nazim F, et al. Medicinal Importance of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale): A Systematic Review. GU Journal of Phytosciences. 2024; 4(1):331-342.
Zeeshan A, Munir MA, Sadia S. Unlocking the Promise of the ″Miracle Tree″: A Review on Therapeutic Applications and Phytochemistry of Moringa Oleifera L. Journal of Bioresource Management. 2024; 11(1):102-122.
Zeeshan A, Amjad W, Faiz S, Noor M, Akram W, Yameen I, et al. Medicinal Importance of Solanum Nigrum Linn; A Review. Journal of Plant and Environment. 2023; 5(2):181-189.
Zeeshan A, Akram H, Qasim S, Naseer A, Nazar F, Rafique O. The Healing Touch of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill. (Fennel): A Review on Its Medicinal Value and Health Benefits. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2023; 3(2):793-800.
Zaib M, Zeeshan A, Akram H, Hameed S, Wakeel A, Qasim S, et al. Soil Contamination and Human Health: Exploring the Heavy Metal Landscape: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2023; 3(2):351-356.
Zeeshan A, Amjad W, Akram H, Mobeen N, Qasim S, Naseer A, et al. Assessment of Nursery Administration and Identification of Ornamental Plant Species: A Case Study of Tehsil Pattoki (Pakistan). Journal of Asian Development Studies. 2023; 12(4):468-480.
Zeeshan A, Akram H, Nasir A, Manzoor S. Historical Significance and Modern Applications of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) in Traditional Medicine and Beyond. International Research Journal of Educational Technology. 2023; 5(11):113-123.
Zeeshan A, Hafeez UB, Abdullah M, Saeed S, Tariq MH, Abbas M, et al. The Controversy Surrounding Water Use and Its Implications for Crop Production: A Review with Current and Future Directions. International Research Journal of Educational Technology. 2023; 5(10):336-351.
Zeeshan A, Nazar A, Akram H, Hafeez I, Tariq A, Ali G, et al. Parthenium Hysterophorus L: A Review of Its Phytochemical, Biological and Therapeutical Applications. Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences. 2023; 7(3):281-302.
Shaukat S, Zeeshan A. Application of Floating Wetland for Treatment of Paper Mill Wastewater. Journal of Plantarum. 2023; 5(1):69-86.
Iftikhar A, Aijaz N, Farooq R, Aslam S, Zeeshan A, Munir M, et al. Beneficial Role of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) In Enhancing Soil Fertility Through A Variety of Actions on Plants Growth and Ecological Perspective: An Updated Review. Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute (Natural Science Edition). 2023; 19(9):520-547.
Zaib M, Zeeshan A, Akram H, Amjad W, Aslam S, Qasim S, et al. Impact of Climate Change on Crop Physiology and Adaptation Strategies: A Review. International Research Journal of Educational Technology. 2023; 5(8):15-36.
Zaib M, Zeeshan A, Aslam S, Bano S, Ilyas A, Abbas Z, et al. Drought Stress and Plants Production: A Review with Future Prospects. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development. 2023; 6(4):1278-1293.
Zaib M, Aryan M, Khaliq A, Haider K, Ahmad S, Zeeshan A, et al. Essential Insights for Effective Environmental Management and Human Well-Being: Strategies for Remediation in Soil-Plant-Environment Systems. Journal of Asian Development Studies. 2023; 12(3):1453-1469.
Zaib M, Zeeshan A, Akram H, Amjad W, Bano S, Aslam S, et al. Innovative Approaches Utilizing Plant-Based Techniques for Soil Conservation: An In-Depth Review. International Research Journal of Educational Technology. 2023; 5(8):319-330.
Zeeshan A, Aslam S, Shaukat S, Nazar A, Akram H, Riaz A. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants of Tehsil Pattoki, Pakistan. GU Journal of Phytosciences. 2023; 3(1):14-21.
Zaib M, Zeeshan A, Ahmad S, Akram H, Qasim S. Diversity of Weeds in Rose Field in District Kasur Punjab Pakistan. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science and Technology. 2023; 12(9):1122-1132.
Zeeshan A, Akram H, Ilyas A, Niaz S, Nazar A, Shakeel Y. Solanum Nigrum Linn: An Analysis of the Therapeutic Properties of Plant. Journal of Pure and Applied Agriculture. 2023; 8(4):1-10.
Rahman MA, Hasegawa H, Rahman MM, Miah MA, Tasmin A. Arsenic Accumulation in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.): Human Exposure Through Food Chain. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2008; 69:317-324.
Shi H, Shi X, Liu KJ. Oxidative Mechanism of Arsenic Toxicity and Carcinogenesis. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2004; 255:67-78.
Flora SJ. Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Its Reversibility. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2011; 51:257-281.
Pai MH, Chien YW, Tsai YH, Hu YM, Yeh SL. Glutamine Reduces the Expression of Leukocyte Integrins Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 and Macrophage Antigen-1 in Mice Exposed to Arsenic. Nutrition Research. 2008; 28:544-549.
Banu BS, Danadevi K, Jamil K, Ahuja YR, Visweswara RK, Ishaq M. In Vivo Genotoxic Effect of Arsenic Trioxide in Mice Using Comet Assay. Toxicology. 2001; 162:171-177.
Gonsebatt ME, Vega L, Herrera LA, Montero R, Rojas E, Cebrián ME, et al. Inorganic Arsenic Effects on Human Lymphocyte Stimulation and Proliferation. Mutation Research. 1992; 283:91-95.
Hartwig A, Schwerdtle T. Interactions by Carcinogenic Metal Compounds With DNA Repair Processes: Toxicological Implications. Toxicology Letters. 2002; 127:47-54.
Mass MJ, Tennant A, Roop BC, Cullen WR, Styblo M, Thomas DJ, et al. Methylated Trivalent Arsenic Species Are Genotoxic. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 2001; 14:355-361.
Bau DT, Wang TS, Chung CH, Wang AS, Jan KY. Oxidative DNA Adducts and DNA-Protein Cross-Links Are the Major DNA Lesions Induced by Arsenite. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2002; 110(Suppl 5):753-756.
Goering PL, Aposhian HV, Mass MJ, Cebrián M, Beck BD, Waalkes MP. The Enigma of Arsenic Carcinogenesis: Role of Metabolism. Toxicological Sciences. 1999; 49:5-14.
Cohen SM, Ohnishi T, Arnold LL, Le XC. Arsenic-Induced Bladder Cancer in an Animal Model. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2007; 222:258-263.
Li W, Wanibuchi H, Salim EI, Yamamoto S, Yoshida K, Endo G, et al. Promotion of NCI-Black-Reiter Male Rat Bladder Carcinogenesis by Dimethylarsinic Acid, an Organic Arsenic Compound. Cancer Letters. 1998; 134:29-36.
Patlolla AK, Todorov TI, Tchounwou PB, van der Voet G, Centeno JA. Arsenic-Induced Biochemical and Genotoxic Effects and Distribution in Tissues of Sprague-Dawley Rats. Microchemical Journal. 2012; 105:101-107.
Wilson K, Yang H, Seo CW, Marshall WE. Select Metal Adsorption by Activated Carbon Made From Peanut Shells. Bioresource Technology. 2006; 97:2266-2270.
Morrow H. Cadmium Electroplating. Metal Finishing. 1999; 97:210-214.
Sathyanarayana S, Venugopalan S, Gopikanth ML. Impedance Parameters and the State-of-Charge. Nickel-Cadmium Battery. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 1979; 9:125-139.
Kawasaki T, Kono K, Dote T, Usuda K, Shimizu H, Dote E. Markers of Cadmium Exposure in Workers in a Cadmium Pigment Factory After Changes in the Exposure Conditions. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 2004; 20:51-56.
Harries ML, Lam S, MacAulay C, Qu J, Palcic B. Diagnostic Imaging of the Larynx: Autofluorescence of Laryngeal Tumours Using the Helium-Cadmium Laser. Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1995; 109:108-110.
Lorenz SE, Hamon RE, McGrath SP, Holm PE, Christensen TH. Applications of Fertilizer Cations Affect Cadmium and Zinc Concentrations in Soil Solutions and Uptake by Plants. European Journal of Soil Science. 1994; 45:159-165.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Sbeen Fatima, Naheed Sharif, Huma Aslam, Ahmed Saeed, Uroosa Khan, Humaira Akram, Samreen Qasim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
