Efficacy of Combined Task-Oriented Training and Mirror Therapy in Post-Stroke Upper Limb Recovery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Stroke-induced upper limb impairments significantly reduce functional independence and quality of life. Task-oriented training (TOT) and mirror therapy (MT) are established neurorehabilitation techniques. Combining these therapies may enhance recovery through synergistic mechanisms. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of combining TOT and MT on upper limb motor function, spasticity, and functional independence in post-stroke patients. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 40 post-stroke patients (20 per group) with upper limb hemiparesis. Participants were randomized into an intervention group (combined TOT and MT) and a control group (TOT alone). Both groups received 45-minute sessions, five days per week, for four weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and Barthel Index. Data analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA and SPSS version 25, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in FMA-UE (45.6 ± 4.9 vs. 38.2 ± 5.7, p < 0.001) and ARAT (31.2 ± 3.9 vs. 26.4 ± 4.1, p < 0.001). Spasticity reduction (MAS: -1.8 ± 0.4 vs. -1.2 ± 0.5, p = 0.002) and functional independence (Barthel Index: 8.4 ± 1.2 vs. 5.9 ± 1.3, p < 0.001) were also superior in the intervention group. Conclusion: Combining TOT and MT significantly improved upper limb motor function, spasticity, and functional independence in post-stroke patients, highlighting its potential as an effective rehabilitation strategy