The Role of Technology in Speech-Language Therapy: Perceptions, Effectiveness, and Challenges in a Resource-Limited Setting

Abstract

Background: The integration of technology in speech-language therapy has expanded globally, offering new approaches such as mobile applications, teletherapy platforms, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools. However, in resource-limited settings like Pakistan, adoption remains inconsistent due to infrastructural, financial, and training constraints. Objective: To assess the perceptions, effectiveness, and challenges of using technology in speech-language therapy among speech-language pathologists (SLPs), clients, and researchers at Chughtai Medical Center, Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over six weeks using an online questionnaire distributed to 178 participants. The survey assessed demographics, technology usage, perceived effectiveness (Likert scale 1–5), barriers, and future perspectives. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, applying descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and t-tests to determine associations (p < 0.05 considered significant). Results: Technology usage was reported by 50% (n = 89) of participants, with 40% (n = 71) using mobile apps, 30% (n = 53) using teletherapy, and 10% (n = 17) utilizing AI tools. Perceived effectiveness for language development was rated 3.5/5, client engagement 3.2/5, and teletherapy 3.0/5. Major barriers included technical issues (60%, n = 107), lack of training (50%, n = 89), and cost (40%, n = 71). AI effectiveness was significantly lower than traditional technology (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Despite moderate effectiveness, technology adoption in speech-language therapy is limited by infrastructural and financial challenges. Policy-driven solutions, training programs, and improved accessibility are essential for optimizing digital interventions.