Frequency of Chest Complications after Liver Transplantation
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Abstract
Background: Liver transplantation is a critical intervention for patients with advanced liver disease. However, postoperative complications, particularly pulmonary complications, significantly impact patient outcomes. Understanding these complications is essential for improving post-transplant care.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and nature of pulmonary complications in liver transplant recipients and to identify potential risk factors associated with these complications.
Methods: This study was conducted at the Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Centre, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, over a six-month period. A case series design with non-probability purposive sampling was employed. The sample size, determined using the WHO Sample Size Tool, was set at 100 participants, given logistical constraints. Data collection involved detailed postoperative assessments to identify pulmonary complications. The study included participants of all sexes and ages awaiting liver transplantation, excluding those undergoing a second transplant. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.
Results: Out of 100 liver transplant recipients, 98.5% (n=128) presented with stable vital signs at the time of data collection, while 1.5% (n=2) were unstable. Discharge planning indicated 68.5% (n=89) under observation and 23.1% (n=30) with routine planning. In terms of education, 59.2% (n=77) had 10 years of education, and 16.9% (n=22) were illiterate. Donor health status was excellent in 98.5% (n=128) of cases. Pulmonary complications included respiratory infections (23.8%, n=31), pleural effusion (36.2%, n=47), atelectasis (15.4%, n=20), bronchospasm (7.7%, n=10), and pneumonia (9.2%, n=12).
Conclusion: The study highlights a significant incidence of pulmonary complications post-liver transplantation, with pleural effusion, respiratory infections, and atelectasis being the most common. These findings underscore the need for enhanced monitoring and proactive management of pulmonary complications in liver transplant recipients.
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