Fetal Outcome in Women of Pre-Eclampsia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Pre-eclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure in pregnant women, presents significant health risks for both the mother and fetus. This study aimed to assess the impact of pre-eclampsia on fetal outcomes in the Pakistani population, recognizing the condition's high prevalence and its role in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To evaluate the fetal outcome in women with pre-eclampsia in the Pakistani population.
Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore, from January to June 2023. A total of 93 patients were enrolled to study the effects of pre-eclampsia on mothers and fetuses.
Results: Among the 93 patients, the mean age was 37.59±6.37 years. The age distribution predominantly included women aged 31-35 years, followed by those in the 36-40 and 41-45 age groups. Severe pre-eclampsia was observed in 69.9% of patients, while 30.1% had mild pre-eclampsia. The fetal outcomes were as follows: 65.5% good, 12.9% stillbirth, and 21.5% neonatal death, with an insignificant P-value.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the high prevalence of pre-eclampsia in the community is alarming, significantly increasing the risk of adverse outcomes for infant health and well-being. There is a critical need to educate women about the signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Williams D, De Swiet M. The pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Intensive Care Med. 1997;23(6):620.
Peraçoli JC, Borges VTM, Ramos JGL, Cavalli RdC, Costa SHdAM, Oliveira LGd, et al. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2019;41:318-32.
Phipps EA, Thadhani R, Benzing T, Karumanchi SA. Pre-eclampsia: pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019;15(5):275-89.
Lin S, Leonard D, Co MA, Mukhopadhyay D, Giri B, Perger L, et al. Pre-eclampsia has an adverse impact on maternal and fetal health. Transl Res. 2015;165(4):449-63.
Dimitriadis E, Rolnik DL, Zhou W, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Koga K, Francisco RP, et al. Pre-eclampsia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9(1):8.
Jahan P, Sreenivasagari R, Goudi D, Komaravalli P, Ishaq M. Role of Foxp3 gene in maternal susceptibility to pre‐eclampsia–A study from South India. Scand J Immunol. 2013;77(2):104-8.
Bilano VL, Ota E, Ganchimeg T, Mori R, Souza JP. Risk factors of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and its adverse outcomes in low-and middle-income countries: a WHO secondary analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e91198.
Wagnew M, Dessalegn M, Worku A, Nyagero J. Trends of preeclampsia/eclampsia and maternal and neonatal outcomes among women delivering in Addis Ababa selected government hospitals, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J. 2016;25(Suppl 2).
Carty DM, Delles C, Dominiczak AF. Preeclampsia and future maternal health. J Hypertens. 2010;28(7):1349-55.
Khowaja AR, Qureshi RN, Sheikh S, Zaidi S, Salam R, Sawchuck D, et al. Community’s perceptions of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Sindh Pakistan: a qualitative study. Reprod Health. 2016;13(1):39.
Wang H, Bhutta ZA, Coates MM, Coggeshall M, Dandona L, Diallo K, et al. Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1725-74.
Poon LC, Shennan A, Hyett JA, Kapur A, Hadar E, Divakar H, et al. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on preeclampsia (PE): a pragmatic guide for first trimester screening and prevention. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;145(Suppl 1):1.
Frick AP. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;70:92-100.
Walker KF, Thornton JG. Advanced maternal age. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2016;26(12):354-7.
Montori MG, Martínez AÁ, Álvarez CL, Cuchí NA, Alcalá PM, Ruiz-Martínez S. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A cohort study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;60(1):119-24.
Lamminpää R. Advanced maternal age, pregnancy and birth. Itä-Suomen yliopisto; 2015.
Aabidha PM, Cherian AG, Paul E, Helan J. Maternal and fetal outcome in pre-eclampsia in a secondary care hospital in South India. J Fam Med Primary Care. 2015;4(2):257.
Oza S, Cousens SN, Lawn JE. Estimation of daily risk of neonatal death, including the day of birth, in 186 countries in 2013: a vital-registration and modelling-based study. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(11):e635-e44.
Pettit F, Mangos G, Davis G, Henry A, Brown M. Pre-eclampsia causes adverse maternal outcomes across the gestational spectrum. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2015;5(2):198-204.