Self-Medication Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among the Population of Jamshoro City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Self-medication is a globally prevalent practice, with varying degrees of awareness and regulation across different regions. In developing countries like Pakistan, the practice poses significant public health challenges, including the risk of medication misuse and antibiotic resistance. Jamshoro, a city with a diverse demographic and educational landscape, provides a unique setting to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of self-medication among its residents.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the extent of self-medication practices among the adult population in Jamshoro, focusing on their knowledge, attitudes, and the types of medications commonly used. It sought to identify potential risks associated with self-medication and propose recommendations for safer practices.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to April 2023, involving 400 participants selected through non-probability convenience sampling. The survey encompassed questions related to demographic information, knowledge about self-medication, attitudes towards its practice, and the frequency and types of medications used. Data were collected using both online questionnaires distributed via Google Forms and face-to-face interviews, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of self-medication behaviors. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), with the study adhering to the Helsinki Declaration's ethical standards. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25, utilizing descriptive statistics to summarize findings.

Results: The majority of respondents were male (55.5%) and undergraduates (64.5%), with students representing 66% of the sample. A significant portion (87.3%) reported a lack of knowledge regarding self-medication, and 90.3% had never taken medication without a physician’s prescription. About 64% were aware of the difference between over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drugs, and 82.5% recognized the risk of antibiotic resistance. Self-medication practices were infrequent among participants, with 32.5% engaging in it only occasionally. The study also found a predominant preference for private healthcare facilities (68.5%) over public ones.

Conclusion: The findings indicate a substantial knowledge gap regarding self-medication among the population of Jamshoro, despite a general tendency to consult healthcare professionals for medical issues. There is a critical need for public health initiatives to educate the community on safe medication practices, the risks of antibiotic resistance, and the importance of adhering to prescribed treatments.