Cyber Victimization, Social Self Efficacy and Self Esteem among Adults
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Abstract
Background: With the pervasive integration of digital technology into daily life, cyber victimization has emerged as a significant concern, particularly among adults. Previous research underscores the relationship between cyber victimization, self-esteem, and social self-efficacy, highlighting the psychological impacts and potential gender differences in these experiences. Understanding these dynamics is critical for developing effective interventions.
Objective: This study aims to explore the associations between cyber victimization, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem among adults, investigate the role of gender in these relationships, and assess the predictive value of cyber victimization and social self-efficacy on self-esteem.
Methods: A correlational research design was employed, with a sample of 200 adults from various universities in Lahore. The Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory II (RCBI-II), Social Self-Efficacy Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were utilized for data collection. Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and independent sample t-tests were conducted using SPSS version 25 to analyze the data.
Results: The study found a negative correlation between cyber victimization and social self-efficacy (r = -.18, p < 0.01), and a positive correlation between social self-efficacy and self-esteem (r = .24, p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed cyber victimization as a positive predictor of self-esteem (β = .19, p < 0.05) and social self-efficacy as a negative predictor (β = -.22, p < 0.01). Gender differences were noted, with boys reporting higher rates of cyber victimization than girls.
Conclusion: Cyber victimization and social self-efficacy significantly impact self-esteem among adults, with notable gender differences in the experience of cyber victimization. These findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem and social self-efficacy to mitigate the adverse effects of cyber victimization.
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