Workplace Bullying and Depression, Mediating Role of Insomnia Among Employees

Main Article Content

Hafiza Sana Liaqat
Mian Muhammad Waqas
Summera Hina
Ezza Mahmood

Abstract

Background: Workplace bullying is characterized by unpleasant and unethical behavior, which can manifest directly or indirectly, affecting individuals' mental health. Insomnia is also a known consequence of workplace bullying, which can lead to depression.


Objective: To explore the association between workplace bullying, insomnia, and depression among employees in Lahore, and to determine the mediating role of insomnia in the relationship between workplace bullying and depression.


Methods: This study employed a correlational research design with a purposive sample of 200 employees, both male and female, from Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected using a demographic form, a 21-item Workplace Bullying Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The study followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.


Results: The mean score for workplace bullying was 42.54 (SD = 15.8), for insomnia was 9.88 (SD = 6.26), and for depression was 18.97 (SD = 13.69). There were significant positive correlations between workplace bullying, insomnia, and depression, with correlation coefficients of 0.53, 0.62, and 0.61, respectively (all p < 0.01). Both workplace bullying (B = 0.36, p < 0.001) and insomnia (B = 0.84, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of depression. Insomnia also mediated the relationship between workplace bullying and depression, with an indirect effect of 0.1714 (95% CI: 0.1105, 0.2393).


Conclusion: Workplace bullying contributes to higher levels of depression among employees, with insomnia serving as a mediator. Both workplace bullying and insomnia are significant predictors of depression. These findings highlight the importance of addressing workplace bullying to improve employee mental health.

Article Details

How to Cite
Liaqat, H. S., Waqas, M. M., Hina, S., & Mahmood, E. (2024). Workplace Bullying and Depression, Mediating Role of Insomnia Among Employees. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research, 4(2), 492–496. https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.832
Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Hafiza Sana Liaqat, Riphah International University Lahore Pakistan.

Research Scholar and Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Department of Clinical Psychology, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan.

Mian Muhammad Waqas, Riphah International University Lahore Pakistan.

Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Department of Clinical Psychology, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan.

Summera Hina, Riphah International University Lahore Pakistan.

Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Department of Clinical Psychology, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan.

Ezza Mahmood, Riphah International University Lahore Pakistan.

Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Department of Clinical Psychology, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan.

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