Perception among Diabetic Mellitus Patients Towards Their Diet & Physical Activity at Institute of Chest Diseases Hospital Kotri

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) presents a significant health challenge in Pakistan. Understanding the role of diet and physical activity is crucial as they are key factors influencing the occurrence, seriousness, and control of DM. This study seeks to assess the understanding and attitudes towards dietary habits and exercise among a cohort of adults living with DM in Kotri, Sindh.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the nutritional status and level of physical activity of individuals with type II diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Chest Diseases Hospital Kotri, Sindh, from 2nd February 2024 to April 2024. Data were collected from 100 participants of both genders using a pre-structured questionnaire. Participants were approached using a convenient sampling method. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, dietary habits, and physical activity levels. Anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI) and blood sugar levels, were recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, applying descriptive statistics to summarize the data.

Results: The average age of respondents was between 51 and 60 years. Male respondents made up 74% of the sample, while females comprised 26%. On average, participants had been living with diabetes for 3 to 5 years. Nearly half (49%) of the respondents were aware of the importance of diet in managing diabetes, but many struggled to integrate this knowledge into their lives, primarily due to social factors. Most participants followed a carbohydrate-heavy diet. Economic constraints led to a lack of fruit consumption among many respondents. Despite these challenges, 63% of participants reported being physically active. Only 37% did not engage in any regular physical activity. About 53% of participants had high blood sugar levels, and 47% had normal levels.

Conclusion: The participants acknowledged the importance of dietary control and physical activity in managing diabetes; however, their compliance with these measures was lacking, primarily because of confusion arising from ambiguous information and socio-economic barriers. Addressing these issues through targeted educational and intervention programs is essential for improving diabetes management in this population.