Assessment of Thyroid Profile in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Thyroid Profile in HCV-Infected Patients
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major public health concern in Pakistan, with potential impacts on thyroid function. Long-term HCV infection has been associated with thyroid dysfunction, but the extent of this relationship is not fully understood.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the thyroid hormone profile in HCV-positive patients to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in this population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 HCV-positive patients aged 18-70 years. Patients with liver cirrhosis, known thyroid disorders, or medications affecting thyroid function were excluded. Blood samples were collected, and thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3, FT4) were measured using an automated immunoassay system. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The study found that 17.50% of patients had elevated TSH levels, while 11.66% and 10.83% had elevated FT3 and FT4 levels, respectively. The mean values for TSH, FT3, and FT4 were 1.15 ± 0.515 µIU/mL, 1.10 ± 0.351 pg/mL, and 1.12 ± 0.361 ng/dL.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated a significant association between HCV infection and thyroid dysfunction, highlighting the need for regular thyroid function monitoring in HCV-positive patients.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Datfar T, Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Hines IN, Manzini G. Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: State of the Art. Pathogens. 2021;10(11):1366.
Stroffolini T, Stroffolini G. Prevalence and Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Historical Worldwide Review. Viruses. 2024;16(7):1115.
Timofte D, Dragos D, Balcangiu-Stroescu A-E, Tanasescu M-D, Gabriela Balan D, Avino A, et al. Infection With Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients: An Overview of the Diagnosis and Prevention Rules Within a Hemodialysis Center. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(1):109-16.
Yoshikawa K, Shakya TM, Poudel KC, Jimba M. Agreement on Reporting Intimate Partner Violence Among Nepalese Couples: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Interpers Violence. 2021;36(9-10):4039-57.
Guntipalli P, Pakala R, Kumari Gara S, Ahmed F, Bhatnagar A, Endaya Coronel M. Worldwide Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Management of Hepatitis C. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2021;84(4):637-56.
Alavian SE, Heiat M, Ranjbar R. A Comprehensive Overview of Hepatitis Virus Genotyping Methods. Novelty in Biomedicine. 2023;11(2):89-97.
Petruzziello A, Loquercio G, Sabatino R, Balaban DV, Ullah Khan N, Piccirillo M, et al. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Nine Selected European Countries: A Systematic Review. J Clin Lab Anal. 2019;33(5).
Wang X, Fan X, Deng H, Zhang X, Zhang K, Li N, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 1-6 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019;54(6):780-9.
Keikha M, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Kamali A, Yousefi M, et al. HCV Genotypes and Their Determinative Role in Hepatitis C Treatment. Virusdisease. 2020;31(3):235-40.
Qureshi H, Mahmood H, Sabry A, Hermez J. Barriers and Strategies for Hepatitis B and C Elimination in Pakistan. J Infect Dis. 2023;228(Supplement_3).
Saleem U, Aslam N, Siddique R, Iqbal S, Manan M. Hepatitis C Virus: Its Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Genotype Distribution in Pakistan. Eur J Inflamm. 2022;20:1721727X221144391.
Lim AG, Walker JG, Mafirakureva N, Khalid GG, Qureshi H, Mahmood H, et al. Effects and Cost of Different Strategies to Eliminate Hepatitis C Virus Transmission in Pakistan: A Modelling Analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(3).
Ovčariček PP, Görges R, Giovanella L. Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Semin Nucl Med. 2023;53(4):334-50.
Teixeira PdFdS, Dos Santos PB, Pazos-Moura CC. The Role of Thyroid Hormone in Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020;11:2042018820917869.
Nazary K, Anwar S, Choudhary AY, Malla D, Hafizyar F, Talpur AS, et al. Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients With Hepatitis C. Cureus. 2021;13(9).
Khan AM, Khattak AL, Amin MS, Anwar M, Mehmood F, Khan MKA. Frequency Of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients With CLD (Chronic Liver Disease) Secondary to Hepatitis C Virus. Pak J Pathol. 2021;32(3):116-9.
Sabatino L, Vassalle C, Del Seppia C, Iervasi G. Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions. Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):952-64.
Carvalho DP, Dias AF, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Gaps in the Knowledge of Thyroid Hormones and Placental Biology. Biol Reprod. 2022;106(6):1033-48.
Zhang X, Chen Y, Ye H, Luo Z, Li J, Chen Z, et al. Correlation Between Thyroid Function, Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Euthyroid Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrine. 2023;80(2):366-79.
Ritter MJ, Amano I, Hollenberg AN. Thyroid Hormone Signaling and the Liver. Hepatology. 2020;72(2):742-52.
Gupta A. To Evaluate the Thyroid Profile in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2021;3(1):110-5.
Etem AA, Irmak Baran EE. Evaluation of Thyroid Function Tests and Thyroid Autoantibodies in Female Patients With Hepatitis C. J Med Res. 2021;7(2):132-7.
Xiao J, Zhu C, Zhang X, Sun L, Gao C, Liang X, et al. Associations Among FT4 Level, FT3/FT4 Ratio, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Patients With Hypopituitarism. Endocr J. 2022;69(6):659-67.