Heavy Metal Contamination and Risk of Sunflower Germination and Heavy Metal Translocation Impact of Heavy Metals on Sunflower Germination and Translocation
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Heavy metal contamination in soils adversely affects plant growth, particularly in crops used for phytoremediation, such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Understanding the response of different sunflower varieties to heavy metal stress is crucial for developing effective phytoremediation strategies.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) on the germination, growth attributes, and metal translocation of two sunflower varieties, Hysun-33 and FH-533.
Methods: Sunflower seeds of Hysun-33 and FH-533 were sown in sand-filled pots treated with 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM of Ni, Cd, and Pb. Germination rates, shoot and root lengths, and dry biomass were measured after 20 days. Metal concentrations in roots and shoots were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression, were performed to assess the effects of metal concentrations.
Results: Germination rates for Hysun-33 decreased from 79% at 0 mM to 0% at 200 mM, while FH-533 dropped from 75% to 5%. Shoot lengths decreased by 47% at 150 mM Ni, and root biomass was reduced by 62% under 200 mM Cd for both varieties.
Conclusion: Cadmium posed the greatest threat to sunflower growth, emphasizing the need for enhanced metal tolerance in phytoremediation applications. Reducing heavy metal contamination in crops is vital for improving food safety and public health.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Hassan, M.K., Cheng, Y., Kanwar, M.K., Chu, X.-Y., Ahammed, G.J., and Qi, Z.-Y. (2017) Responses of Plant Proteins to Heavy Metal Stress—A Review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1492. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01492
Li, H., Zhang, H., Song, Y., Yang, Y., Chen, H., and Tang, M. (2017) Subcellular Compartmentalization and Chemical Forms of Lead Participate in Lead Tolerance of Robinia pseudoacacia L. with Funneliformis mosseae. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 517. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00517
Shaban, M. (2013) Effect of Water and Temperature on Seed Germination and Emergence as a Seed Hydrothermal Time Model. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 1, 1686-1691.
Dharma-Wardana, M.W.C. (2018) Fertilizer Usage and Cadmium in Soils, Crops and Food. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa and Department de Physique, Université de Montréal, Québec, 1-16.
Mekassa, B., and Chandravanshi, B.S. (2015) Levels of Selected Essential and Non-Essential Metals in Seeds of Korarima (Aframomum corrorima) Cultivated in Ethiopia. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 18, 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.5614
Ragsdale, S.W. (2009) Nickel-Based Enzyme Systems. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284, 18571-18575. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R900020200
Stefanowicz, A.M., Stanek, M., Woch, M.W., and Kapusta, P. (2016) The Accumulation of Elements in Plants Growing Spontaneously on Small Heaps Left by the Historical Zn-Pb Ore Mining. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (International), 23, 6524-6534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5859-7
Dhiman, S.S., Zhao, X., Li, J., Kim, D., Kalia, V.C., Kim, I.-W., Kim, J.Y., and Lee, J.K. (2017) Metal Accumulation by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and the Efficacy of Its Biomass in Enzymatic Saccharification. PLoS ONE, 12, e0175845. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175845
Chibuike, G.U. and Obiora, S.C. (2014) Heavy Metal Polluted Soils: Effect on Plants and Bioremediation Methods. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2014, Article ID: 752708. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/752708
Panuccio, M.R., Jacobsen, S.E., Akhtar, S.S. and Muscolo, A. (2014) Effect of Saline Water on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of the Halophyte Quinoa. AoB Plants, 6, plu047. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plu047
Ashraf, C.M. and Abu-Shakra, S. (1978) Wheat Seed Germination under Low Temperature and Moisture Stress. Agronomy Journal, 70, 135-139. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1978.00021962007000010032x
Wilkins, D.A. (1957) A Technique for the Measurement of Lead Tolerance in Plants. Nature, 180, 37-38. https://doi.org/10.1038/180037b0
Al-Ansari, F. and Ksiksi, T. (2016) A Quantitative Assessment of Germination Parameters: The Case of Crotalaria persica and Tephrosia apollinea. The Open Ecology Journal, 9, 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/180037b0
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Hafeez, K. and Ahmed, N. (2005) Thermal Hardening: A New Seed Vigor Enhancement Tool in Rice. Acta Botanica Sinica, 47, 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00031.x
Wolf, B. (1982) A Comprehensive System of Leaf Analysis of Leaf Analyses and Its Use for Diagnosing Crop Nutrient Status. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 13, 1035-1059. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628209367332
Sadiq, R. and Maqbool, N. (2016) Acceleration of Cadmium Phytoextraction by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Collaboration of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 16, 577-583.
Shafiq, M., Zafar, I.M. and Athar, M. (2008) Effect of Lead and Cadmium on Germination and Seedling Growth of Leucaena leucocephala. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 12, 61-66.
Bhalerao, S.A., Shrma, A.S. and Poojari, A.C. (2015) Toxicity of Nickel in Plants. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 3, 345-355.
Faryal, R.F., Tahir, A.E.M. and Hameed, A. (2007) Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil along with Its Micro and Macro Flora. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39, 193-101.
Arif N, Yadav V, Singh S, Singh S, Ahmad P, Mishra RK, Sharma S, Tripathi DK, Dubey NK, Chauhan DK (2016) Influence of High and Low Levels of Plant Beneficial Heavy Metals Ions on Plant Growth and Development. Frontiers in Environmental Science 4:69. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00069
Seregin IV, Shpigun LK, Ivanov VB (2003) Distribution and Toxic Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Maize Roots. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 51:525–533. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RUPP.0000035747.42399.84
Singh S, Saxena R, Pandey K, Bhatt K, Sinha S (2004) Response of Antioxidants in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Grown on Different Amendments of Tannery Sludge: Its Metal Accumulation Potential. Chemosphere 57:1663–1673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.049
Lin CC, Kao CH (2001) Cell Wall Peroxidase against Ferulic Acid, Lignin, and NaCl-Reduced Root Growth of Rice Seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology 158:667–671. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00245
Ahmad MSA, Hussain M, Ashraf M, Ahmad R, Ashraf MY (2007) Effect of Nickel on Seed Germinability of Some Elite Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41:1871–1882.
Gopal R, Rizvi AH (2008) Excess Lead Alters Growth, Metabolism and Translocation of Certain Nutrients in Radish. Chemosphere 70:1539–1544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.043
Kopittke PM, Asher CJ, Kopittke RA, Menzies NW (2007) Toxic Effects of Pb on Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Environmental Pollution 150:280–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.011
Liu D, Li TQ, Jin FX, Yang XE, Islam E, Mahmood Q (2008) Lead Induced Changes in the Growth and Antioxidant Metabolism of the Lead Accumulating and Non-Accumulating Ecotypes of Sedum alfredii. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 50:129–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00608.x
Arias JA, Videa JRP, Ellzey JT, Ren M, Viveros MN, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2010) Effects of Glomus deserticola Inoculation on Prosopis: Enhancing Chromium and Lead Uptake and Translocation as Confirmed by X-Ray Mapping, ICP-OES and TEM Techniques. Environmental and Experimental Botany 68:139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.08.009
Pal M, Horvath E, Janda T, Paldi E, Szalai G (2006) Physiological Changes and Defense Mechanisms Induced by Cadmium Stress in Maize. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 169:239–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200520573
Belimov AA, Malkov NV, Pushalsky JV, Tsyganov VE, Bodyagina KB, Safronova VI, Dietz K-J, Tikhonovich IA (2018) The Crucial Role of Roots in Increased Cadmium-Tolerance and Cd-Accumulation in the Pea Mutant SGECdt. Biologia Plantarum 62:543–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-018-0789-0
Parrotta L, Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Cai G, Hausman J-F (2015) Target or Barrier? The Cell Wall of Early- and Later-Diverging Plants vs. Cadmium Toxicity: Differences in the Response Mechanisms. Frontiers in Plant Science 6:133. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00133
Qadir S, Jamshieed S, Rasool S, Ashraf M, Akram NA, Ahmad P (2014) Modulation of Plant Growth and Metabolism in Cadmium-Enriched Environments. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 229:51–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03777-6_4
Sadiq, R., Maqbool, N., and Haseeb, M. (2017) Ameliorative Effect of Chelating Agents on Photosynthetic Attributes of Cd Stressed Sunflower. Agricultural Sciences, 8, 149-160. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2016.82010
Guo, H., Hong, C., Chen, X., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Jiang, D., and Zheng, B. (2016) Different Growth and Physiological Responses to Cadmium of the Three Miscanthus Species. PLoS ONE, 11, e0153475. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153475
Siddhu, G., Sirohi, D. S., Kashyap, K., Khan, I. A., and Khan, M. A. (2008) Toxicity of Cadmium on the Growth and Yield of Solanum melongena L. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29, 853-857.
Amosova, N. V., Tazina, I. A., and Synzynys, B. I. (2003) Effect of Phytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Ions on Physiological Parameters in Plants of Different Species. Journal of Biology, 5, 49-54.
Chen, C., Huang, D., and Liu, J. (2009) Functions and Toxicity of Nickel in Plants: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Clean Soil Air Water, 37, 304-313. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.200800199
Sharma, P., and Dubey, R. S. (2005) Lead Toxicity in Plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17, 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202005000100004
Perfus-Barbeoch, L., Leonhardt, N., Vavasseur, A., and Forestier, C. (2002) Heavy Metal Toxicity: Cadmium Permeates through Calcium Channels and Disturbs the Plant Water Status. The Plant Journal, 32, 539-548. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01442.x
Page, V., and Feller, U. (2015) Heavy Metals in Crop Plants: Transport and Redistribution Processes on the Whole Plant Level. Agron, 5, 447-463. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy5030447
Kothe, E., and Verma, A. (2012) Bio-Geo Interactions in Metal-Contaminated Soils. Springer, Berlin, 426. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23327-2
Uzu, G., Sauvain, J. J., Baeza-Squiban, A., Hohl, M., Val, S., and Dumat, C. (2011) In Vitro Assessment of the Pulmonary Toxicity and Gastric Availability of Lead-Rich Particles from a Lead Recycling Plant. Environmental Science Technology, 45, 7888-7895. https://doi.org/10.1021/es200374c
Kumar, B., Smita, K., and Flores, L. C. (2017) Plant Mediated Detoxification of Mercury and Lead. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S2335-S2342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.08.010
Malecka, A., Piechalak, A., Morkunas, I., and Tomaszewska, B. (2008) Accumulation of Lead in Root Cells of Pisum sativum. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30, 629-637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-008-0159-1
Gichner, T., Nidar, I., and Szakova, J. (2008) Evaluation of DNA Damage and Mutagenicity Induced by Lead in Tobacco Plants. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 652, 186-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.02.009