Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection and Bacteriological Profile in Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections, with their incidence and the causative pathogens' profile exhibiting significant geographical variability. In Pakistan, data regarding UTI prevalence and pathogen profiles are limited and varied, highlighting the need for localized studies.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and bacteriological profile of UTIs in patients attending a laboratory in Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and to compare these with regional data.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 urine samples collected from symptomatic patients at Al Shifa Laboratory, Samarbagh, Dir Lower, Pakistan, from November to December 2023. Samples exhibiting pyuria (>5 pus cells per high power field) underwent culture and sensitivity testing. Age and gender distributions were analyzed, and the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was identified and quantified. SPSS version 25 was utilized for statistical analysis.
Results: Of the 110 patients suspected of UTI, pyuria was present in 53.63% (n=59), with a culture positivity rate of 72.88% (n=43) for those with pyuria. The prevalence of UTI was higher in females, with a 1.5 times greater occurrence than males. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (34.88%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (27.90%), and Pseudomonas spp. (13.95%). Age distribution showed the highest prevalence in the 41-50 years category (39.53%).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated a higher prevalence of pyuria and UTI culture positivity compared to some regional data, with a significant gender predisposition towards females. Escherichia coli remains the predominant pathogen. These findings underscore the necessity for proper sample collection and immediate processing, alongside tailored approaches to diagnosis and treatment based on local bacteriological profiles.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Iqbal A. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www. researchgate. net/publication/323614212 Ovarian Leiomyoma Associated with Serous Cystadenoma-A Case Report of an Uncommon Entity Ovarian Leiomyoma Associated with Serous Cystadenoma-A Case Report of an Uncommon Entity. 2023.
Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nature reviews microbiology. 2015;13(5):269-84.
Khan G, Ahmad S, Anwar S. Frequency Of Uropathogens In Different Gender & Age Groups. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013;11(1).
Chu CM, Lowder JL. Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections across age groups. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2018;219(1):40-51.
Alós JI. Epidemiología y etiología de la infección urinaria comunitaria. Sensibilidad antimicrobiana de los principales patógenos y significado clínico de la resistencia. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. 2005;23:3-8.
Kaur R, Kaur R. Symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2021;97(1154):803-12.
Laila K, Roy E, Rahman MH, Roy RR. Urinary tract infection in children: An update. Bangladesh J Child Health. 2012;36(2):90-7.
Aziz Y, Lal K, Inam U, Musharraf W. Asymptomatic Urinary tract infection among diabetic patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi. IJEHSR-International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research. 2017;5(3):17-22.
Muoneke V, Ibekwe M, Ibekwe R. Childhood urinary tract infection in abakaliki: etiological organisms and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Annals of medical and health sciences research. 2012;2(1):29-32.
Patel P, Garala R. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of UTIs. JRMDS. 2014;2(1):25-30.
Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clinical infectious diseases. 2011;52(5):e103-e20.
Oteo J, Pérez-Vázquez M, Campos J. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli: changing epidemiology and clinical impact. Current opinion in infectious diseases. 2010;23(4):320-6.
Ullah A, Shah S, Almugadam B, Sadiqui S. Prevalence of symptomatic urinary tract infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated uropathogens in kohat region of Pakistan. MOJ Biol Med. 2018;3(4):85-9.
Hussain A, Sohail M, Abbas Z. Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis mediated UTI and its current antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Lahore, Pakistan. JPMA The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2016;66(10):1232.
Mccracken jr GH. Options in antimicrobial management of urinary tract infections in infants and children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1989;8(8):552-5.
Chon CH, Lai FC, Shortliffe LMD. Pediatric urinary tract infections. Pediatric Clinics. 2001;48(6):1441-59.
Razak SK, Gurushantappa V. Bacteriology of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital in South India. 2012.
Tambekar D, Dhanorkar D, Gulhane S, Khandelwal V, Dudhane M. Antibacterial susceptibility of some urinary tract pathogens to commonly used antibiotics. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2006;5(17).
Sohail M, Khurshid M, Saleem HGM, Javed H, Khan AA. Characteristics and antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens isolated from Punjab, Pakistan. Jundishapur journal of microbiology. 2015;8(7).
Mandal AK, Jana JK, Chatterjee Y, Pradhan M, Mahata D, Mallick MS, Mahata Jr D, MALLICK Jr MS. Clinical and Microbiological Profiles of Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Children Aged Six Months to Five Years Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. Cureus. 2024 Jan 8;16(1).