Removal of Cephalexin-Antibiotic from Drinking Water by Designing CaCl2 Incorporated Chitosan Co- Tragacanth Gum Composite Hydrogel
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of antibiotic contaminants in aquatic environments presents a critical challenge to public health, necessitating the development of efficient removal methods. Emerging pollutants, especially antibiotics, have been implicated in the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, threatening ecological balance and human well-being.
Objective: This study aims to synthesize and evaluate the efficacy of a CaCl2-based composite hydrogel using chitosan as a biopolymer for the adsorption of antibiotic pollutants from water, targeting the improvement of water purification technologies in healthcare settings.
Methods: Chitosan-based composite hydrogels were synthesized via free radical polymerization, incorporating CaCl2 and utilizing techniques such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for morphology analysis, Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for elemental verification, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group identification, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine crystallinity. Physicochemical parameters, including contact time, pH, temperature, reusability, and swelling behavior in various media, were systematically assessed to ascertain the hydrogel's adsorptive performance.
Results: The synthesized hydrogels demonstrated a porous and rough surface ideal for adsorption, with an initial antibiotic removal rate of 80% within 30 minutes of contact time. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups corresponding to absorption bands at 1053, 1415, 1601, 2600, 2900, 3300, and 3500 cm-1. EDX and XRD analyses affirmed the incorporation of CaCl2, with a crystalline phase characterized by sharp peaks. The hydrogel's maximum adsorption efficiency reached 95% at an optimized adsorbent dose of 0.05 g.
Conclusion: The CaCl2-based composite hydrogel exhibits significant potential for the removal of antibiotic pollutants from water, suggesting a viable approach to mitigate the environmental impact of pharmaceutical contaminants and enhance human health by reducing the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Hou, J., et al., Simultaneous removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from pharmaceutical wastewater using the combinations of up-flow anaerobic sludge bed, anoxic-oxic tank, and advanced oxidation technologies. Water Research, 2019. 159: p. 511-520.
Wang, Z., et al., Occurrence and ecological hazard assessment of selected antibiotics in the surface waters in and around Lake Honghu, China. Science of the Total Environment, 2017. 609: p. 1423-1432.
Fierascu, R.C., et al., Natural and Natural-Based Polymers: Recent Developments in Management of Emerging Pollutants. Polymers, 2023. 15(9): p. 2063.
Dai, M., et al., Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter study during the COVID-19 outbreakpatients with cancer in SARS-COV-2 infection. Cancer discovery, 2020. 10(6): p. 783-791.
Wen, Q., et al., Time series data augmentation for deep learning: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.12478, 2020.
Barrera-Martínez, C.L., et al., Recent Advancements in Superabsorbent Polymers for Drug Delivery, in Properties and Applications of Superabsorbent Polymers: Smart Applications with Smart Polymers. 2023, Springer. p. 119-156.
Zhang, K., et al., Nanofibrous composite aerogel with multi-bioactive and fluid gating characteristics for promoting diabetic wound healing. Biomaterials, 2021. 276: p. 121040.
Luo, Q., et al., Non-toxic chitosan-based hydrogel with strong adsorption and sensitive detection abilities for tetracycline. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022. 427: p. 131738.
Javanbakht, S., M. Pooresmaeil, and H. Namazi, Green one-pot synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose/Zn-based metal-organic framework/graphene oxide bio-nanocomposite as a nanocarrier for drug delivery system. Carbohydrate polymers, 2019. 208: p. 294-301.
Han, L., et al., Mussel-inspired tissue-adhesive hydrogel based on the polydopamine–chondroitin sulfate complex for growth-factor-free cartilage regeneration. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2018. 10(33): p. 28015-28026.
Takei, T., et al., Hydrophobically-modified gelatin hydrogel as a carrier for charged hydrophilic drugs and hydrophobic drugs. International journal of biological macromolecules, 2020. 149: p. 140-147.
Wu, G., et al., Magnetic copper-based metal organic framework as an effective and recyclable adsorbent for removal of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics from aqueous solutions. Journal of colloid and interface science, 2018. 528: p. 360-371.
Ismail, H., M. Irani, and Z. Ahmad, Utilization of waste polystyrene and starch for superabsorbent composite preparation. Journal of applied polymer science, 2013. 127(6): p. 4195-4202.
Ma, J., et al., Enhanced adsorption for the removal of antibiotics by carbon nanotubes/graphene oxide/sodium alginate triple-network nanocomposite hydrogels in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere, 2020. 242: p. 125188.
Wang, N., et al., Highly efficient adsorption of fluoroquinolone antibiotics using chitosan derived granular hydrogel with 3D structure. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2019. 281: p. 307-314.
Pooresmaeil, M. and H. Namazi, Facile preparation of pH-sensitive chitosan microspheres for delivery of curcumin; characterization, drug release kinetics and evaluation of anticancer activity. International journal of biological macromolecules, 2020. 162: p. 501-511.
Piao, J.-Y., et al., Phase control on surface for the stabilization of high energy cathode materials of lithium ion batteries. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019. 141(12): p. 4900-4907.
Mohamed, A.K. and M.E. Mahmoud, Encapsulation of starch hydrogel and doping nanomagnetite onto metal-organic frameworks for efficient removal of fluvastatin antibiotic from water. Carbohydrate polymers, 2020. 245: p. 116438.
Alishiri M, Abdollahi SA, Neysari AN, Ranjbar SF, Abdoli N, Afsharjahanshahi M. Removal of ciprofloxacin and cephalexin antibiotics in water environment by magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites; optimization using response surface methodology. Results in Engineering. 2023 Dec 1;20:101507.
Giannoulia S, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Aggelopoulos CA. Exploration of cephalexin adsorption mechanisms onto bauxite and palygorskite and regeneration of spent adsorbents with cold plasma bubbling. Applied Water Science. 2024 Mar;14(3):1-8.