Treatment Motivation and Hopelessness among Cardiac Patients
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Cardiac patients' adherence to treatment regimens is crucial for their recovery and well-being. The role of psychological factors, including treatment motivation and hopelessness, in influencing treatment outcomes has gained increasing attention. Gender differences in these psychological aspects may have implications for tailoring patient care strategies.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the differences in treatment motivation and hopelessness between male and female cardiac patients and to examine how these factors are related to demographic variables such as age, gender, education, and income.
Methods: A total of 150 cardiac patients from the C-P-E Institute of Cardiology Multan were selected through purposive sampling for this cross-sectional study. The Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were administered to assess treatment motivation and hopelessness, respectively. Data on demographic variables were also collected. Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, and t-tests.
Results: The study found no significant difference in external motivation between females (mean=2.09, SD=0.35) and males (mean=2.02, SD=0.32, p=0.158). Internal motivation was significantly higher in males (mean=2.33, SD=0.27) compared to females (mean=2.23, SD=0.25, p=0.023). Help-seeking behavior was more prevalent in males (mean=2.45, SD=0.45) than in females (mean=2.28, SD=0.45, p=0.04). No significant difference was observed in confidence and overall treatment motivation between genders. Hopelessness was significantly higher in males (mean=12.05, SD=1.91) than in females (mean=11.43, SD=1.94, p=0.047).
Conclusion: The study underscored significant gender differences in internal motivation and help-seeking behavior among cardiac patients, with males displaying higher levels of both. Additionally, males exhibited greater hopelessness than females. These findings suggest the need for gender-specific interventions to enhance treatment motivation and address hopelessness in cardiac patients.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Medley AR, Powell TJNr. Motivational interviewing to promote self-awareness and engagement in rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: A conceptual review. 2010;20(4):481-508.
Zaree A, Dev S, Khan IY, Arain M, Rasool S, Rana MAK, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation in the modern era: optimizing recovery and reducing recurrence. 2023;15(9).
Tropea P, Schlieter H, Sterpi I, Judica E, Gand K, Caprino M, et al. Rehabilitation, the great absentee of virtual coaching in medical care: scoping review. 2019;21(10):e12805.
Subasi A, Subasi ME. Digital twins in healthcare and biomedicine. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Blockchain and 5G for the Digital Transformation of the Healthcare Industry: Elsevier; 2024. p. 365-401.
Fontaine G. Évaluation de la plateforme de formation en ligne MOTIV@ CŒUR sur les interventions motivationnelles brèves auprès d’infirmières en soins aigus cardiovasculaires. 2016.
Compare A, Zarbo C, Manzoni GM, Castelnuovo G, Baldassari E, Bonardi A, et al. Social support, depression, and heart disease: a ten year literature review. 2013;4:49777.
Lett HS, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Strauman TJ, Robins C, Sherwood AJPm. Social support and coronary heart disease: epidemiologic evidence and implications for treatment. 2005;67(6):869-78.
Lett HS, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Catellier DJ, Carney RM, Berkman LF, et al. Social support and prognosis in patients at increased psychosocial risk recovering from myocardial infarction. 2007;26(4):418.
Krantz DS, McCeney MKJArop. Effects of psychological and social factors on organic disease: a critical assessment of research on coronary heart disease. 2002;53(1):341-69.
Uchino BN, Bowen K, Kent de Grey R, Mikel J, Fisher EBJP, handbook cobmAg. Social support and physical health: Models, mechanisms, and opportunities. 2018:341-72.
Surucu SG, Ozturk M, Alan S, Usluoglu F, Akbas M, Vurgec BJWCRJ. Identification of the level of perceived social support and hope of cancer patients and their families. 2017;4:e886.
Singh SKD, Noor ABYA, Ahmedy F, Abdullah KL, Abidin IZ, Suhaimi AB, et al. Exploring social support for women coping with a cardiac rehabilitation programme after acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review of qualitative studies. 2022;54.
Madan SK, Shishani K, Froelicher ESJJoCN. Psychosocial concerns and interventions for patients and their identified support givers to help cope with acute manifestations of advanced coronary artery diseases. 2012;27(2):132-46.
Sommaruga M, Angelino E, Della Porta P, Abatello M, Baiardo G, Balestroni G, et al. Best practice in psychological activities in cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation: Position Paper. 2018;88(2).
Pogosova N, Saner H, Pedersen SS, Cupples ME, McGee H, Höfer S, et al. Psychosocial aspects in cardiac rehabilitation: From theory to practice. A position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation of the European Society of Cardiology. 2015;22(10):1290-306.
Goldston K, Baillie AJJCpr. Depression and coronary heart disease: a review of the epidemiological evidence, explanatory mechanisms and management approaches. 2008;28(2):288-306.
Bekelman DB, Allen LA, Peterson J, Hattler B, Havranek EP, Fairclough DL, et al. Rationale and study design of a patient-centered intervention to improve health status in chronic heart failure: The Collaborative Care to Alleviate Symptoms and Adjust to Illness (CASA) randomized trial. 2016;51:1-7.
Kohlmann S. Psychological approaches to a patient-centered cardiology. Somatic symptom burden, illness perceptions and supportive care needs in patients with cardiac diseases. 2013.
Rahman RJ, Hudson J, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Doust JHJP, health, medicine. Motivational processes and well-being in cardiac rehabilitation: a self-determination theory perspective. 2015;20(5):518-29.
Ladwig K-H, Lederbogen F, Albus C, Angermann C, Borggrefe M, Fischer D, et al. Position paper on the importance of psychosocial factors in cardiology: update 2013. 2014;12.
Yao X, Zhang L, Du J, Gao LJPq. Effect of information-motivation-behavioral model based on protection motivation theory on the psychological resilience and quality of life of patients with type 2 DM. 2021;92:49-62.
Worthley JP, Hostetler AJ, Frye AAJPoM, Masculinity. Motivated to seek help: Masculine norms and self-regulated motivation in self-help groups. 2017;18(1):20.
Wimer DJ, Levant RFJTJoMsS. The relation of masculinity and help-seeking style with the academic help-seeking behavior of college men. 2011;19(3):256-74.
Marrs H, Sigler EA, Brammer RDJM, Change S. Gender, masculinity, femininity, and help seeking in college. 2012;1(3):267-92.
Kahn JS, Brett BL, Holmes JRJTJoMss. Concerns with men's academic motivation in higher education: An exploratory investigation of the role of masculinity. 2011;19(1):65-82.
Allahverdipour H, AsghariJafarabadi M, Heshmati R, Hashemiparast MJHpp. Functional status, anxiety, cardiac self-efficacy, and health beliefs of patients with coronary heart disease. 2013;3(2):217.
Stewart DE, Abbey SE, Shnek ZM, Irvine J, Grace SLJPM. Gender differences in health information needs and decisional preferences in patients recovering from an acute ischemic coronary event. 2004;66(1):42-8.
Davies B, Allan KS, Carroll SL, Gibbs K, Roberts JD, MacIntyre C, et al. Perceived self-efficacy and empowerment in patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest. 2023;10:955060.
Al Ali NM, Al Ramamneh ISJIJoNS. Resilience of patients with coronary heart diseases in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. 2022;9(1):86-91.
Skeem JL, Louden JE, Polaschek D, Camp JJPa. Assessing relationship quality in mandated community treatment: blending care with control. 2007;19(4):397.
Freilinger S, Andonian C, Beckmann J, Ewert P, Kaemmerer H, Lang N, et al. Differences in the experiences and perceptions of men and women with congenital heart defects: A call for gender-sensitive, specialized, and integrative care. 2021;4:100185.
Kaur P, Goel MK, Prasuna J. A community-based cross-sectional study on stressors and gender differences in coping strategies among primary caregivers of cardiovascular disease in the capital city of India, New Delhi.
AbuRuz M, Alemoush RA, Momani AJEJoH. The Effect of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms on Quality of Life among Patients with Heart Failure: An integrative literature review. 2022;2(1):36-43.
Feng L, Li L, Liu W, Yang J, Wang Q, Shi L, et al. Prevalence of depression in myocardial infarction: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. 2019;98(8):e14596.
Khan SA, Shahzad U, Zarak MS, Channa J, Khan I, Ghani MOAJJoctr. Association of depression with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: a systematic review. 2021;14:685-705.