Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Different Age Groups of Women Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the accidental leakage of urine, a condition most prevalent among women, often exacerbated by activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, or lifting heavy objects. UI significantly impacts quality of life, particularly in older women, due to factors like postmenopausal changes, pelvic trauma, and age-related physiological changes.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of urinary incontinence among women in different age groups. The secondary objective was to determine the correlation between UI and various demographic and physical factors.
Methods: This observational study was conducted over six months in hospitals located in Sahiwal, Pakistan. A sample size of 377 women, aged 22-65 years, was selected using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Inclusion criteria included non-pregnant women experiencing unwanted urinary leakage due to physical exertion. Exclusion criteria included women with diabetes, those who had undergone surgery for incontinence, and those with neurological conditions. The Modified International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) was used to evaluate UI. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, employing Chi-square tests to assess relationships between variables with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The study found that 83.3% of the women experienced urinary leakage. The prevalence of UI was highest among women aged 55-65 years (54.32%). Leakage frequency was reported as follows: 29.44% experienced leakage once a week or less, 17.78% two to three times a week, 4.51% once a day, 13.00% several times a day, and 4.24% all the time. Severity of leakage was reported as 16.71% no leakage, 49.34% a small amount, 22.02% a moderate amount, and 11.94% a large amount. There was no significant difference in UI frequency across BMI categories (P > 0.05) or between types of delivery (SVD vs. C-section, P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The study concluded that urinary incontinence is highly prevalent among women, particularly in the older age group of 55-65 years. There is a significant correlation between age and UI, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and routine screenings to manage and mitigate the impact of UI.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Buckley BS, Lapitan MCM. Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Men, Women, and Children—Current Evidence: Findings of the Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence. Urology. 2010;76(2):265-70.
Abushamma F, Mansour A, Nassar R, Badran H, Alwafa RA, Ktaifan M, et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Quality of Life Due to Urinary Incontinence Among Palestinian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Women's Health. 2024;16(4).
Zhang Y, Fang D, Luo Y, Wang C, Wan L, Cao Y, et al. A Large Cross-Sectional Study on Diaper Utilization and Beneficial Role in Outdoor Activity and Emotions Among Incontinence Elderly People. J Geriatr Gerontol. 2024;14(1):6358
Saboia DM, Firmiano MLV, Bezerra KdC, Vasconcelos Neto JA, Oriá MOB, Vasconcelos CTMJ. Impact of Urinary Incontinence Types on Women's Quality of Life. Revista de Educação e Desenvolvimento. 2017;51
Jerez-Roig J, Farrés-Godayol P, Yildirim M, Escribà-Salvans A, Moreno-Martin P, Goutan-Roura E, et al. Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Associated Factors in Nursing Homes: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):169.
Abuorouq S, Al-Zubi M, Al-Ali AM, Aloqaily LH, Talafha MA, Migdadi AM, et al. The Prevalence of Probable Overactive Bladder and Associated Risk Factors Among Medical Students in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Urol. 2024;24(1):7.
Luber KM. The Definition, Prevalence, and Risk Factors for Stress Urinary Incontinence. Rev Urol. 2004;6(Suppl 3)
Fuselier A, Hanberry J, Lovin JM, Gomelsky AJ. Obesity and Stress Urinary Incontinence: Impact on Pathophysiology and Treatment. Curr Urol Rep. 2018;19(1):1-10.
Steers WD. Pathophysiology of Overactive Bladder and Urge Urinary Incontinence. Rev Urol. 2002;4(Suppl 4)
Shaikh K, Zahra U, Abdullah M, Batool S, Habiba U, Khan S, et al. Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Its Association With Chronic Constipation, Chronic Cough, Urinary Tract Infections, and Parity During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Urinary Incontinence and Its Association. J Pregnancy Child
Blaivas JG, Appell RA, Fantl JA, Leach G, McGuire EJ, Resnick NM, et al. Definition and Classification of Urinary Incontinence: Recommendations of the Urodynamic Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 1997;16(3):149-51.
Danforth KN, Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Stress, Urge and Mixed Urinary Incontinence. J Urol. 2009;181(1):193-7.
Butler RJ, Heron J. The Prevalence of Infrequent Bedwetting and Nocturnal Enuresis in Childhood: A Large British Cohort. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2008;42(3):257-64.
Parazzini F, Colli E, Origgi G, Surace M, Bianchi M, Benzi G, et al. Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Women. Eur Urol. 2000;37(6):637-43.
Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary Incontinence in Women. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17042.
Stothers L, Friedman B. Risk Factors for the Development of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women. Curr Urol Rep. 2011;12:363-9.
Leijonhufvud Å, Lundholm C, Cnattingius S, Granath F, Andolf E, Altman D. Risks of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery in Relation to Mode of Childbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(1):70.e1-.e7.
Nyström E, Asklund I, Lindam A, Samuelsson E. Minimum Important Difference of the ICIQ-UI SF Score After Self-Management of Urinary Incontinence. BMC Womens Health. 2024;24(1):118.
Zhu F, Chen M, Xiao Y, Huang X, Chen L, Hong L. Synergistic Interaction Between Hyperlipidemia and Obesity as a Risk Factor for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Americans. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):7312.
Townsend MK, Danforth KN, Lifford KL, Rosner B, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, et al. Incidence and Remission of Urinary Incontinence in Middle-Aged Women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(2):167.e1-.e5.
Margalith I, Gillon G, Gordon D. Urinary Incontinence in Women Under 65: Quality of Life, Stress Related to Incontinence and Patterns of Seeking Health Care. Qual Life Res. 2004;13:1381-90.
Kousar R, Islam F, Raza A, Altaf R. Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence Among Females of Age 2065 Years. Pak-Eur J Med Sci. 2022;5(1):61-6.
Alizadeh A, Montazeri M, Shabani F, Bani S, Hassanpour S, Nabighadim M, et al. Prevalence and Severity of Urinary Incontinence and Associated Factors in Iranian Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(1):18.
Charpot V, Sagar V. Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence Among Young Healthy Females in Gujarat-A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Health Sci Res. 2021;11(6):100-6.
Nazzal Z, Khatib B, Al-Quqa B, Abu-Taha L, Jaradat A. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence Amongst Palestinian Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Arab J Urol. 2020;18(1):34-40.
Milsom I, Gyhagen M. The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence. Climacteric. 2019;22(3):217-22.
Burgio KL, Matthews KA, Engel BT. Prevalence, Incidence and Correlates of Urinary Incontinence in Healthy, Middle-Aged Women. J Urol. 1991;146(5):1255-9.