Comparative Evaluation of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Traditional Aerobic Exercise for Cardiovascular Health in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Stroke survivors often face significant challenges in regaining cardiovascular health, with exercise being a key component of rehabilitation. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Traditional Aerobic Exercise are two prominent modalities aimed at improving cardiovascular outcomes in this population.
Objective: The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT and Traditional Aerobic Exercise on cardiovascular health in stroke survivors.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial enrolled 46 stroke survivors, equally divided into HIIT and Traditional Aerobic Exercise groups. The study took place at Sadique Polly Clinic, Nawab Town, Lahore, Pakistan. Participants underwent baseline assessments for resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels. Post-intervention, these parameters were re-evaluated. Data analysis involved using SPSS version 25 to compare the effects of the two exercise modalities on cardiovascular health outcomes.
Results: Both groups demonstrated improvements in cardiovascular health, but the HIIT group showed a more significant reduction in resting heart rate (change of -5.7 ± 2.9 bpm) compared to the Traditional Aerobic Exercise group (change of -3.9 ± 2.4 bpm), with a p-value of 0.03. Changes in systolic blood pressure (-9.2 ± 4.3 mmHg in HIIT vs. -7.6 ± 3.8 mmHg in Traditional), diastolic blood pressure (-4.3 ± 2.1 mmHg in HIIT vs. -3.7 ± 1.9 mmHg in Traditional), and total cholesterol levels (-11.1 ± 5.2 mg/dL in HIIT vs. -9.5 ± 4.7 mg/dL in Traditional) were observed in both groups but did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Both HIIT and Traditional Aerobic Exercise are effective in enhancing cardiovascular health in stroke survivors. However, HIIT may offer a greater advantage in reducing resting heart rate compared to Traditional Aerobic Exercise.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Tomás CC, Oliveira E, Sousa D, Uba-Chupel M, Furtado G, Rocha C, et al. Proceedings of the 3rd IPLeiria's International Health Congress : Leiria, Portugal. 6-7 May 2016. BMC health services research. 2016;16 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):200.
Karlsen T, Aamot IL, Haykowsky M, Rognmo Ø. High Intensity Interval Training for Maximizing Health Outcomes. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 2017;60(1):67-77.
Morales-Palomo F, Ramirez-Jimenez M, Ortega JF, Pallares JG, Mora-Rodriguez R. Cardiovascular Drift during Training for Fitness in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2017;49(3):518-26.
Mora-Rodriguez R, Fernandez-Elias VE, Morales-Palomo F, Pallares JG, Ramirez-Jimenez M, Ortega JF. Aerobic interval training reduces vascular resistances during submaximal exercise in obese metabolic syndrome individuals. European journal of applied physiology. 2017;117(10):2065-73.
Aaron SE, Gregory CM. Feasibility of single session high-intensity interval training utilizing speed and active recovery to push beyond standard practice post-stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2018:1-5.
Astorino TA, Edmunds RM, Clark A, King L, Gallant RM, Namm S, et al. Increased cardiac output and maximal oxygen uptake in response to ten sessions of high intensity interval training. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2018;58(1-2):164-71.
Crozier J, Roig M, Eng JJ, MacKay-Lyons M, Fung J, Ploughman M, et al. High-Intensity Interval Training After Stroke: An Opportunity to Promote Functional Recovery, Cardiovascular Health, and Neuroplasticity. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. 2018;32(6-7):543-56.
Besnier F, Labrunée M, Richard L, Faggianelli F, Kerros H, Soukarié L, et al. Short-term effects of a 3-week interval training program on heart rate variability in chronic heart failure. A randomised controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2019;62(5):321-8.
Steen Krawcyk R, Vinther A, Petersen NC, Faber J, Hansen RH, Rostrup E, et al. Home-based aerobic exercise in patients with lacunar stroke: Design of the HITPALS randomized controlled trial. Contemporary clinical trials communications. 2019;14:100332.
Steen Krawcyk R, Vinther A, Petersen NC, Faber J, Iversen HK, Christensen T, et al. Effect of Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Lacunar Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in neurology. 2019;10:664.
Zhang D, Janjgava T, Boutcher SH, Boutcher YN. Cardiovascular response of postmenopausal women to 8 weeks of sprint interval training. European journal of applied physiology. 2019;119(4):981-9.
Franklin BA, Thompson PD, Al-Zaiti SS, Albert CM, Hivert MF, Levine BD, et al. Exercise-Related Acute Cardiovascular Events and Potential Deleterious Adaptations Following Long-Term Exercise Training: Placing the Risks Into Perspective-An Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(13):e705-e36.
Gordon D, Swain P, Keiller D, Merzbach V, Gernigon M, Chung H. Quantifying the effects of four weeks of low-volume high-intensity sprint interval training on V̇O2max through assessment of hemodynamics. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2020;60(1):53-61.
Liu MX, Luo L, Fu JH, He JY, Chen MY, He ZJ, et al. Exercise-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is mediated via alleviating inflammasome-induced pyroptosis. Experimental neurology. 2022;349:113952.
Tucker WJ, Kitzman DW. Defining the Specific Skeletal Muscle Adaptations Responsible for Exercise Training Improvements in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation Heart failure. 2022;15(10):e010003.
Swarbrick D, Kiss A, Trehub S, Tremblay L, Alter D, Chen JL. HIIT the Road Jack: An Exploratory Study on the Effects of an Acute Bout of Cardiovascular High-Intensity Interval Training on Piano Learning. Frontiers in psychology. 2020;11:2154.
Zouhal H, Hammami A, Tijani JM, Jayavel A, de Sousa M, Krustrup P, et al. Effects of Small-Sided Soccer Games on Physical Fitness, Physiological Responses, and Health Indices in Untrained Individuals and Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review. Sports medicine (Auckland, NZ). 2020;50(5):987-1007.
Miller A, Reisman DS, Billinger SA, Dunning K, Doren S, Ward J, et al. Moderate-intensity exercise versus high-intensity interval training to recover walking post-stroke: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2021;22(1):457.
Mueller S, Winzer EB, Duvinage A, Gevaert AB, Edelmann F, Haller B, et al. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training, Moderate Continuous Training, or Guideline-Based Physical Activity Advice on Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama. 2021;325(6):542-51.
Carrasco-Poyatos M, Granero-Gallegos A, López-García GD, López-Osca R. HRV-Guided Training for Elders after Stroke: A Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2022;19(17).
Lapointe T, Houle J, Sia YT, Payette M, Trudeau F. Addition of high-intensity interval training to a moderate intensity continuous training cardiovascular rehabilitation program after ischemic cerebrovascular disease: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in neurology. 2022;13:963950.
Krawcyk RS, Vinther A, Petersen NC, Faber J, Iversen HK, Christensen T, et al. High-intensity training in patients with lacunar stroke: A one-year follow-up. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association. 2023;32(4):106973.
Lai P, Xue JH, Xie MJ, Ye JH, Yang N, Zhong YM, et al. High-intensity and moderate-intensity interval training in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine. 2023;102(8):e33010.
Siddiqi TJ, Rashid AM, Javaid SS, Siddiqi AK, Usman MS, Hervir O, et al. High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate Continuous Training in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Current problems in cardiology. 2023;48(8):101720.
Khan MT, Shareef F, Farooq U, Tahir A. Impact of Facility Characteristics on Patient Safety, Patient Experience, and Service Availability for Procedures in Hospitals. Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation. 2022;11(1):136-44.
Makki ARK, Tahir M, Amin U, Tabassum MMB, Kamran M, Tahir F. Mechanism of Meniscal Injury and its Impact on Performance in Athletes: Meniscal Injury in Athletes. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2022;2(3):232-7.
Malik J, Farooq U, Tahir M, Ayyaz A, khalid Makki AR. Impact of Attending Online Classes on Mental Health Among University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic in Lahore: Impact of Online Classes in Covid-19. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2022;2(2):162-9.
Saeed A, Kemall F, Iqbal J, Sarwar R, Mustafa M, Tahir M. Effect of Resistance Exercise Training Program on Quality of Life in Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; A Cross Sectional Survey. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2022;16(07):956-.
Tahir A, Fatima A, Khan MT. Association of depression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation. 2022;11(1):174-83.
Asghar M, Safdar Z, Tahir M. Quality of life and functional Outcomes among Burn Patients: A Cross Sectional Survey. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2023;3(2):293-8.
Safdar Z, Asghar M, Tahir M. Level of Quality of Life among Post Stroke Patients; A Cross Sectional Survey. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. 2023;3(2):299-304.
Tahir M, Maqsood M, Azhar N, Safdar Z, Amin U, Waheed TS. Association of Knee Pain in Long Standing and Sitting among University Teachers: Association of Knee Pain in University Teachers. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2023;3(1):314-21.
Tahir M, Tariq F, Saeed HW, Nauman M, Usman M, Ali S. Impact of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health of Traffic Wardens in Lahore: Air Pollution and Respiratory Health. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2023;3(7):703-9.
Tahir M, Tehzeeb K, Javaid F, Khan UA, Ayyaz A, Usama M. EFFECTS OF ROUTINE PHYSICAL THERAPY WITH AND WITHOUT HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON BALANCE, QUALITY OF LIFE AND FUNCTION IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology. 2023;30(19):483-90.