Comparative Effects of Core Stability Exercises and Retro-walk on Balance and Coordination in Down Syndrome
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Abstract
Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often face motor deficits impacting balance and coordination. While core stability exercises are a recognized form of intervention, the potential benefits of Retro walking require further exploration.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of core stability exercises and Retro walking on balance and coordination in individuals with DS.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 24 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of DS, aged 8-14 years, and with mild to moderate mental retardation. They were allocated into two groups: Group A, receiving core stability exercises, and Group B, undergoing Retro walking, both over an 8-week period. Inclusion criteria were the ability to stand and walk with a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) score of at least 14/56. Exclusion criteria encompassed any orthopedic, cardiac, or uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions. Assessments were conducted using the PBS and Foot Tapping Test, pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, employing paired and independent t-tests.
Results: Post-intervention, Group A exhibited an increase in PBS scores from 15.83±2.406 to 32.17±2.209 (p < .001), and Group B from 15.08±2.999 to 31.25±1.913 (p < .001). Foot Tapping Test scores for the right side improved from 9.92±1.311 to 20.17±2.082 in Group A (p < .002), and from 9.67±1.614 to 18.08±2.610 in Group B (p < .003).
Conclusion: Both core stability exercises and Retro walking significantly improved balance and coordination in children with DS. These modalities should be considered valuable additions to the therapeutic interventions for this population.
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