Prevalence of Neonatal Hypoxia in District Buner, Pakistan
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Abstract
Background: Neonatal hypoxia, or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The condition arises from insufficient oxygen or blood flow to the neonate's brain, leading to various degrees of neurological impairment. This study aims to shed light on the prevalence and characteristics of neonatal hypoxia in District Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, a region where limited research has been conducted on this critical issue.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of neonatal hypoxia in District Buner and to analyse the distribution of its severity across different tehsils within the district.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from August 2021 to August 2022. Data were collected from several government and private hospitals, including DHQ Daggar, Buner Medical Complex, and Hamdard Medical Center. A total of 753 neonatal hypoxia cases were identified and classified into three categories based on severity: mild (HIE I), moderate (HIE II), and severe (HIE III). The classification was based on Apgar scores and clinical symptoms. The data were statistically analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS software version 25.
Results: Out of the 753 neonatal hypoxia cases, 299 (39.7%) were classified as HIE I, 276 (36.6%) as HIE II, and 132 (17.5%) as HIE III. There were 46 fatalities (6.1%) reported. The study also revealed a gender disparity, with males (402 cases, 53.4%) more frequently affected than females (351 cases, 46.6%). The highest incidence of neonatal hypoxia was observed in Tehsil Daggar (25.9%), while Tehsil Khudokhail reported the lowest (6.2%).
Conclusion: The study highlights a significant prevalence of neonatal hypoxia in District Buner, with milder forms of HIE being more common. The findings underscore the need for improved obstetric and neonatal care, especially in areas with higher prevalence, to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with HIE.
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