Assessing the Determinants of the Usage of Contraceptive in Family Planning in Punjab, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.692Keywords:
Contraceptive Use, Family Planning, Logistic Regression, Punjab, Statistical AnalysisAbstract
Background: Contraceptive use is pivotal for managing birth rates, particularly in regions with high fertility such as Pakistan. This study highlights the role of family planning in controlling population growth by assessing the determinants affecting contraceptive usage in Punjab, a province characterized by diverse demographic and socio-economic conditions.
Objective: The research aims to evaluate the impact of education, age, residential area, residential status, and media access on contraceptive use among ever-married women in Punjab, Pakistan.
Methods: Data from the 'Annual Contraceptive Performance Report 2019-20' by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics were analyzed. A total of 78,563 ever-married women were sampled using random stratified techniques. Multiple statistical tests, including logistic regression, chi-square, and independent sample t-tests, were applied to identify key factors influencing contraceptive usage.
Results: Educational level, residential area, status, wealth index quintiles, and media access were significantly associated with contraceptive use across Punjab. Statistical analysis showed that women's age and the number of children significantly affected contraceptive use. Key predictors identified include media access, reproductive history, and residential characteristics, with media access and residential area being particularly impactful.
Conclusion: This study confirms that socioeconomic and demographic factors significantly influence contraceptive usage in Punjab. Enhanced focus on education and targeted media campaigns could improve family planning outcomes. Effective interventions should consider local cultural and social contexts to increase contraceptive uptake.
Downloads
References
Sedekia Y, Jones C, Nathan R, Schellenberg J, Marchant T. Using contraceptives to delay first birth: A qualitative study of individual, community and health provider perceptions in southern Tanzania. BMC Public Health 2017;17(1):768.
Jain R, Muralidhar S. Contraceptive methods: needs, options and utilization. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2011;61(6):626-634.
WHO. Married or in-union women of reproductive age who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods. 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/4668 (Accessed on: November 24, 2022).
UNICEF. The State of the World’s Children 2006: Excluded and invisible. 2006. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/sowc06/profiles/marriage.php (Accessed on: May 24, 2021).
Shafiq S, Nosheen N. People's perceptions about family planning and contraceptive methods in Gujrat, Pakistan. Rawal Med J. 2020;45(1):179-183.
Darroch JE, Singh S. Trends in contraceptive need and use in developing countries in 2003, 2008, and 2012: An analysis of national surveys. The Lancet 2013;381(9879):1756-1762.
Khan MH, Shah H, Saba N. Study of contraceptive user women in DI Khan, Pakistan. Biomedica 2007;23:24-26.
PBS. Annual Contraceptive Performance Report (2018-19). 2019. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Ali S, Rozi S, Mahmood MA. Prevalence and factors associated with practice of modern contraceptive methods among currently married women in District Naushahro Feroze. J Pak Med Assoc. 2004;54(9):461-465.
PDHS. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). 2017. National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) and ICF International, Calverton, Maryland, USA.
Saleem A. Modeling the Behaviour of Pakistani Married Women towards Contraceptive Use. 2013. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.
Fikree FF, Khan A, Kadir MM, Sajan F, Rahbar MH. What influences contraceptive use among young women in urban squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan? Int Family Planning Per. 2001;130-136.
Nishtar NA, Sami N, Alim S, Pradhan N. Determinants of contraceptives use amongst youth: An exploratory study with family planning service providers in Karachi Pakistan. Global J Health Sci. 2013;5(3):1-8.
PES. Pakistan Economic Survey 2021-22. 2021. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Pearson K. Chi-square test. 1900. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_test (Accessed on: May 21, 2023).
Nonvignon J, Novignon J. Trend and determinants of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Ghana. Etude de la Pop Afri. 2014;28(2):956.
Gosset WS. T-test. 1908. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%27s_t-test (Accessed on: May 21, 2023).
Douthwaite M, Ward P. Increasing contraceptive use in rural Pakistan: An evaluation of the Lady Health Worker Programme. Health Policy and Planning 2005;20(2):117-123 (2005).
Knoke D, Burke PJ. Log-Linear Models. Sage Publications, Inc. Newberry Park, California, USA; 1980.
Chaurasia AR. Contraceptive use in India: a data mining approach. Int J Pop Res. 2014: 11.
Badar S, Gull S, Saeed MA, Hussain W. Female Educational Empowerment and Fertility Behaviour. J Rawalpindi Med Col. 2013;17(2):291-293.
Ayub A, Kibria Z, Khan F. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Contraceptive use in Married Women of Peshawar. J Dow Uni Health Sci. 2015;9(1):89-93.
Nguyen TT, Neal S. Contraceptive prevalence and factors influencing utilization among women in Pakistan: a focus on gender-based violence. Fulbright Rev Eco Pol. 2021;1(1):119-134.
Imran M, Nasir JA, Zaidi SAA. Demographic socio-economic characteristics of women and contraceptive use in Pakistan. J Uni Med Dent College 2015;6(2):47-54.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Akbar Ali Shah, Muhammad Mohsin, Muhammad Miandad, Usman Sarwar, Abdul Rehman, Christophe Chesneau
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
