Effect of Periodontal Scaling in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment on General Oral and Periodontal Health
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Orthodontic treatments, while improving dental alignment and facial aesthetics, significantly complicate oral hygiene management due to the fixed nature of orthodontic appliances. This study investigates the potential benefits of periodontal scaling in mitigating the adverse effects on oral and periodontal health among orthodontic patients.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of periodontal scaling on the general oral and periodontal health of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 50 patients from the College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore. Conducted from April 2023 to April 2024, the study utilized a questionnaire to collect demographic data and information about the patients’ last dental scaling. The Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) and the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) assessed the periodontal and general oral health.
Results: The correlations between the time since the last scaling and general oral health (DMFT score: p=0.950) and periodontal health (CPITN: p=0.635) were not statistically significant. Higher DMFT scores were noted in patients who last had scaling over a year ago (30%), followed by those never scaled (26%). Pocket depths of 6mm were solely observed in unscaled patients.
Conclusion: The incidence of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, as well as deeper pocket depths, were notably higher in orthodontic patients who had not received scaling in over a year or never at all, emphasizing the necessity of regular periodontal care.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Jung M, Shin S, Jho J. The study on the plaque removal effect by using the several kinds of interdental brushes for fixed type orthodontic appliances. J Korean Acad Oral Health. 2007;31:202-10.
Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza's clinical periodontology: Elsevier health sciences; 2011.
Bowen WH. Do we need to be concerned about dental caries in the coming millennium? Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):126-31.
Caufield P, Gibbons R. Suppression of Streptococcus mutans in the mouths of humans by a dental prophylaxis and topically-applied iodine. J. Dent. Res. 1979;58(4):1317-26.
Castrejón‐Pérez RC, Borges‐Yáñez SA, Irigoyen‐Camacho ME, Cruz‐Hervert LP. Negative impact of oral health conditions on oral health related quality of life of community dwelling elders in Mexico city, a population based study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17(5):744-52.
Anuwongnukroh N, Dechkunakorn S, Kanpiputana R. Oral hygiene behavior during fixed orthodontic treatment. Dentistry. 2017;7(10):1-5.
Kang K-J, Shon B-H. Initial changes of dental plaque, gingivitis and decalcification in Korean orthodontic patients with fixed appliance. Korean J Orthod. 1999:361-74.
Felver B, King DC, Lea SC, Price GJ, Walmsley AD. Cavitation occurrence around ultrasonic dental scalers. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2009;16(5):692-7.
Gomez C, Abellán R, Palma JC. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy vs ultrasonic scaler for preventing gingival inflammation and white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018;24:377-83.
Nyvad B, Takahashi N. Integrated hypothesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases. J. Oral Microbiol. 2020;12(1):1710953.
Cutress T, Ainamo J, Sardo-Infirri J. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. Int. Dent. J. 1987;37(4):222-33.
Moradi G, Bolbanabad AM, Moinafshar A, Adabi H, Sharafi M, Zareie B. Evaluation of oral health status based on the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Iran. J. Public Health. 2019;48(11):2050.
Pandey BR, Kafle S, Thakur SN, Singh R, Mishra N. Evaluation of periodontal status in orthodontic patients. J Nepal Dent Asoc. 2019;19:1-10.
Choi YY. Relationship between orthodontic treatment and dental caries: results from a national survey. Int. Dent. J. 2020;70(1):38-44.
Pinto AS, Alves LS, Maltz M, Zenkner JEdA. Association between fixed orthodontic treatment and dental caries: a 1-year longitudinal study. Braz. Oral Res.2020;35:e002.
Sundararaj D, Venkatachalapathy S, Tandon A, Pereira A. Critical evaluation of incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic appliance treatment: A meta-analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(6):433-9.
Gorelick L, Geiger AM, Gwinnett AJ. Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding. Am. J. Orthod.1982;81(2):93-8.
Richter AE, Arruda AO, Peters MC, Sohn W. Incidence of caries lesions among patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(5):657-64.
Ostreicher DS. Orthodontic treatment and periodontal health. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139(7):887-8.
Almutairi RM, Alturaif DJ, Alanzi LM. Importance of Oral Hygiene in Orthodontic Treatment. Saudi J Oral Dent Res. 2023;8(3):100-9.
Julien KC, Buschang PH, Campbell PM. Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(4):641-7.
Boersma J, Van der Veen M, Lagerweij M, Bokhout B, Prahl-Andersen B. Caries prevalence measured with QLF after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: influencing factors. Caries Res. 2005;39(1):41-7.
Lovrov S, Hertrich K, Hirschfelder U. Enamel Demineralization during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment-Incidence and Correlation to Various Oral-hygiene Parameters. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68(5):353-63.
Chapman JA, Roberts WE, Eckert GJ, Kula KS, González-Cabezas C. Risk factors for incidence and severity of white spot lesions during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(2):188-94.
Sanders NL. Evidence-based care in orthodontics and periodontics: a review of the literature. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130(4):521-7.
Melsen B, Agerbaek N, Markenstam G. Intrusion of incisors in adult patients with marginal bone loss. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;96(3):232-41.
Sebbar M, Abidine Z, Laslami N, Bentahar Z. Periodontal health and orthodontics. emerging trends in oral health sciences and dentistry: IntechOpen; 2015.
Jackson CL, Orthod C. Comparison between electric toothbrushing and manual toothbrushing, with and without oral irrigation, for oral hygiene of orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;99(1):15-20.
Frank CA, Long M. Periodontal concerns associated with the orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121(6):639-49.
Gkantidis N, Christou P, Topouzelis N. The orthodontic–periodontic interrelationship in integrated treatment challenges: a systematic review. J. Oral Rehabil. 2010;37(5):377-90.