Sonographic Evaluation of Cholelithiasis in Diabetic Patients at District Swabi

Main Article Content

Laiba Rangeen
Qurat ulain
Amna Shehzadi
Ruqqaya Hadi
Maahnoor Khalid
Ayesha Bibi
Muhammad Zubair
Maaz Khan

Abstract

Background: Cholelithiasis, the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder, is prevalent among individuals experiencing abdominal discomfort such as epigastric pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. The relationship between diabetes and the increased risk of developing gallstones has been noted, highlighting the importance of understanding this association for better disease management.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of gallstones in diabetic patients in the district of Swabi using ultrasonography to enhance early diagnosis and treatment approaches.


Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, District Head Quarters Hospital, Swabi, Pakistan. Participants included individuals presenting with upper right quadrant pain or with a history of diabetes. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed using a Toshiba Xeiro convex probe with a frequency range of 3-5 MHz. Data was collected through clinical histories and radiographic examinations, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Ethics approval was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants provided informed consent.


Results: A total of 112 patients were enrolled with ages ranging from 8 to 80 years (mean ± SD = 39.37 ± 16.72 years). Females constituted 56.4% (n=62) and males 43.6% (n=48) of the study population. The majority, 88.2% (n=97), reported right hypochondriac pain. Among the patients, 60% (n=66) had multiple gallstones; of these, 36.4% (n=24) were diabetic. Conversely, 40% (n=44) had a single stone, with 38.6% (n=17) being diabetic.


Conclusion: The study indicates a significant association between diabetes and the presence of multiple gallstones, underscoring the need for routine ultrasonographic screening in diabetic patients experiencing right hypochondriac pain. Early detection could lead to better management and potentially reduce complications associated with cholelithiasis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Rangeen, L., ulain, Q., Amna Shehzadi, Ruqqaya Hadi, Maahnoor Khalid, Ayesha Bibi, Zubair, M., & Maaz Khan. (2024). Sonographic Evaluation of Cholelithiasis in Diabetic Patients at District Swabi. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research, 4(2), 1439–1443. https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.1025
Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Laiba Rangeen, Women University Swabi KP Pakistan.

Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan.

Amna Shehzadi, Women University Swabi KP Pakistan.

Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan.

Ruqqaya Hadi, Women University Swabi KP Pakistan.

Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan.

Maahnoor Khalid, Women University Swabi KP Pakistan.

Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan.

Ayesha Bibi, Women University Swabi KP Pakistan.

Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan.

Muhammad Zubair, Women University Swabi KP Pakistan.

Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan.

Maaz Khan, Women University Swabi KP Pakistan.

Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Women University Swabi, KP, Pakistan.

References

Hung S-C, Liao K-F, Lai S-W, Li C-I, Chen W-C. Risk Factors Associated with Symptomatic Cholelithiasis in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2011;11:1-7.

Jadhav S, Jaykar RD, Kashinath P. Clinical Study of Cholelithiasis in a Tertiary Care Center. Int J Surg. 2021;5(2):257-60.

Kotarski P, Niebisz AB, Krzymień JJ. Diabetes and Cholelithiasis. Curr Diab Rev. 2009;10(1):40-4.

Acalovschi M, Buzas C, Radu C, Grigorescu M. Hepatitis C Virus Infection is a Risk Factor for Gallstone Disease: A Prospective Hospital-Based Study of Patients with Chronic Viral C Hepatitis. J Viral Hepat. 2009;16(12):860-6.

Sachdeva S, Khan Z, Ansari MA, Khalique N, Anees A. Lifestyle and Gallstone Disease: Scope for Primary Prevention. Indian J Community Med. 2011;36(4):263-7.

Ali S, Ahamad ST, Talpur AS, Parajuli S, Farooq J, Shaik TA, et al. Prevalence of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients with Cholelithiasis: A Single-Centered, Cross-Sectional Study. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2018;10(4).

Khan SA. Prevalence of Gall Stones in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Study. J Adv Med Res. 2016;4(6).

Channa NA, Khand F, Bhanger MI, Leghari MH. Surgical Incidence of Cholelithiasis in Hyderabad and Adjoining Areas (Pakistan). 2004.

Faillie J-L, Oriana HY, Yin H, Hillaire-Buys D, Barkun A, Azoulay L. Association of Bile Duct and Gallbladder Diseases with the Use of Incretin-Based Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(10):1474-81.

Gaharwar A. Factors Favouring Cholelithiasis in North Indian Population. Indian J Pract. 2013;3(5):1-3.

Iqbal Z, Javaid M, Khan M, Zubair M, Ali N, Bacha R, et al. Sonographic Incidence of Cholelithiasis in the Individual with Positive Family History. 2019;4(1):41-7.

Wang F, Wang J, Li Y, Yuan J, Yao P, Wei S, et al. Gallstone Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Hepatol. 2019;70(2):610-20.

Hendarto H, Akbar FN, Muzakki JB, Amri RA, Adi Nugraha SN, Adlani H. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus as risk factors in cholelithiasis. Electronic Journal of General Medicine. 2023 Dec 1;20(6).

Baddam A, Akuma O, Raj R, Akuma CM, Augustine SW, Hanafi IS, Singh G, Zain A, Azizz N, Singh M, Makheja K. Analysis of Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Cureus. 2023 Sep;15(9).

Fujita N, Yasuda I, Endo I, Isayama H, Iwashita T, Ueki T, Uemura K, Umezawa A, Katanuma A, Katayose Y, Suzuki Y. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis 2021. Journal of Gastroenterology. 2023 Sep;58(9):801-33.

J K O, PF I I, S U E, A O A, S O I. Comparative Sonographic Evaluation of the Gallbladder in Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Apparently Healthy Non-Sickle Cell Disease Individuals in a Nigerian Town. International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health. 2024 Mar 7;45(4):14-35.

Lazarchuk I, Barzak B, Wozniak S, Mielczarek A, Lazarchuk V. Cholelithiasis–a particular threat to women. A review of risk factors. Medical Journal of Cell Biology. 2023;11(1):20-7.

Shrestha MS, Pant S, Rayamajhi BB, Khadka M, Khadka R, Lamsal S. Comparative Analysis of Preoperative Ultrasonography Reports with Intraoperative Findings in Cholelithiasis. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital. 2023 Dec 31;22(2):7-11.

Huang SS, Lin KW, Liu KL, Wu YM, Lien WC, Wang HP. Diagnostic performance of ultrasound in acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Emergency Surgery. 2023 Nov 30;18(1):54.

Joukar F, Ashoobi MT, Tabatabaii M, Zeinali T, Faraji N, Ghorani N, Mansour-Ghanaei R, Naghipour M, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The association between volume of the gallbladder based on sonographic findings and demographical data in patients referred to Guilan cohort center, Iran.

Most read articles by the same author(s)