Sonographic Association between Hepatic Steatosis Disease and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Swabi Women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.718Keywords:
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Non-Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Disease, Sonography, Fatty Liver Disease, PCOS, NAHSD, Women's Health, Ultrasound Imaging, Metabolic Syndrome, HirsutismAbstract
Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with significant implications for their fertility and metabolic health. Non-Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Disease (NAHSD), or fatty liver disease, has been increasingly recognized as a comorbidity in women with PCOS, suggesting a possible interrelation between these conditions that warrants further investigation.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between NAHSD and PCOS among women in the Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with an emphasis on understanding the prevalence and sonographic characteristics of these conditions in the affected population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Mahaban Medical and Research Hospital, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. The study included 86 women with a history of irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhea. Sonographic examinations were performed using a Toshiba prime ultrasound machine with convex (3.0—5.0 MHz) and linear (7.0—14.0 MHz) transducers. Clinical and sonographic data pertaining to PCOS and NAHSD were collected, including ovarian volume and liver echogenicity grading. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean age of participants was 27.5 ± 4.8 years. The mean ovarian volumes were 11.52 ml (right ovary) and 10.80 ml (left ovary). The prevalence of NAHSD in our study cohort was 46.5%. Furthermore, hirsutism was observed in 22.1% of the patients. A significant association between the presence of NAHSD and PCOS was identified, with higher rates of hepatic steatosis observed among the PCOS patients compared to those without PCOS.
Conclusion: The findings from this study underscore a significant association between NAHSD and PCOS among women in the Swabi district, suggesting that women with PCOS are at an increased risk of developing fatty liver disease. This association highlights the need for comprehensive screening and management strategies to address these comorbid conditions effectively.
Downloads
References
Kovanci E, Buster JEJCG. Polycystic ovary syndrome. 2015.
Hardiman P, Pillay OS, Atiomo WJTl. Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma. 2003;361(9371):1810-2.
Liu AL, Xie HJ, Xie HY, Liu J, Yin J, Hu JS, et al. Association between fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 A/T polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2017;18:1-7.
Teede H, Deeks A, Moran LJBm. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. 2010;8:1-10.
Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Diehl AM, Brunt EM, Cusi K, et al. The diagnosis and management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. 2012;55(6):2005-23.
Angelico F, Del Ben M, Conti R, Francioso S, Feole K, Fiorello S, et al. Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 2005;90(3):1578-82.
Asfari MM, Sarmini MT, Baidoun F, Al-Khadra Y, Ezaizi Y, Dasarathy S, et al. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovarian syndrome. BMJ Open Gastroenterology. 2020;7(1):e000352.
Falzarano C, Lofton T, Osei-Ntansah A, Oliver T, Southward T, Stewart S, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women and girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2022;107(1):258-72.
Won YB, Seo SK, Yun BH, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BSJSr. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in polycystic ovary syndrome women. 2021;11(1):7085.
Giannouli A, Stefanaki C, Kouskoutis C, Konidari M, Mani I, Konidari K, et al. Hepatokine Profile in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case–Control Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023;12(17):5744.
Jobira B, Frank DN, Silveira LJ, Pyle L, Kelsey MM, Garcia-Reyes Y, et al. Hepatic steatosis relates to gastrointestinal microbiota changes in obese girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. PloS one. 2021;16(1):e0245219.
Vassilatou E, Vassiliadi D, Salambasis K, Lazaridou H, Koutsomitopoulos N, Kelekis N, et al. Increased prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in premenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 2015;173(6):739-47.
Varma SH, Tirupati S, Pradeep T, Sarathi V, Kumar DJD, Research MSC, et al. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia independently predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. 2019;13(2):1065-9.
Kara O, Arsoy HA, Keskin M. Relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperandrogenemia in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics. 2023;66(9):395.
Lavor CBH, Viana Júnior AB, Medeiros FdC. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Findings and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Assessed by Elastography. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44:287-94.
Salva-Pastor N, López-Sánchez GN, Chávez-Tapia NC, Audifred-Salomón JR, Niebla-Cárdenas D, Topete-Estrada R, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome with feasible equivalence to overweight as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development and severity in Mexican population. Annals of Hepatology. 2020;19(3):251-7.
Shahbaz M, Almatooq H, Foucambert P, Esbrand FD, Zafar S, Panthangi V, et al. A Systematic review of the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cureus. 2022;14(10).
Sarkar M, Terrault N, Chan W, Cedars MI, Huddleston HG, Duwaerts CC, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with NASH severity and advanced fibrosis. 2020;40(2):355-9.
Khomami MB, Tehrani FR, Hashemi S, Farahmand M, Azizi FJPO. Of PCOS symptoms, hirsutism has the most significant impact on the quality of life of Iranian women. 2015;10(4):e0123608.
Malik T, John A, Ali A, Naeem MA. Association between Poly Cystic Ovaries and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Females on Ultrasonography: Association between PCOS and NAFLD. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences. 2023:103-6.
Manzano-Nunez R, Santana-Dominguez M, Rivera-Esteban J, Sabiote C, Sena E, Bañares J, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023;12(3):856.
Shengir M, Krishnamurthy S, Ghali P, Deschenes M, Wong P, Chen T, et al. Prevalence and predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2020;26(44):7046.
Taranto DOdL, Guimarães TCM, Couto CA, Cândido AL, Azevedo RCS, Mattos FS, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: associated factors and noninvasive fibrosis staging in a single Brazilian center. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2020;64:235-42.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Shadab Khan, Muhammad Zubair, Ayesha Rehman, Iqra Zahid, Sadaf Saba Gulali, Shumaila Yousafzai, Maaz Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
